Table 2. Input Variables Related to the Last-Mile Phase of the Brick-and-Mortar Channela.
| values |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| variable | country | car | walk | bus | bike | unit | distribution | ref |
| one-way distance (DBM)b | U.K. | 4.91, 2.76 | 1.21, 1.85 | 4.67, 2.28 | 1.87, 2.19 | km | lognormal | (45) |
| U.S.A. | 4.83, 3.16 | 0.40, 2.35 | 5.33, 2.20 | NA | lognormal | (14) | ||
| NL | 3.51, 3.61 | 0.41, 2.48 | 6.14, 2.90 | 1.34, 2.50 | lognormal | (15) | ||
| CN | 1.82, 2.75 | 0.6, 1.86 | 1.79, 2.44 | 0.9, 2.20 | lognormal | (46) | ||
| mode of travel (TMode)b | U.K. | 80 | 9 | 10 | 1 | % | custom | (45) |
| U.S.A. | 94 | 5 | 1 | 0 | custom | (14) | ||
| NL | 44 | 17 | 7 | 31 | custom | (15) | ||
| CN | 8 | 56 | 3 | 29 | custom | (47) | ||
| GHG emission intensity (GITMode)c | U.K. | 0.12, 1.27 | 0 | 0.10, 1.32 | 0 | kg CO2eq/Km | lognormal | (48, 49) |
| U.S.A. | 0.18, 1.30 | 0 | 0.10, 1.31 | 0 | lognormal | (48, 49) | ||
| NL | 0.11, 1.19 | 0 | 0.11, 1.20 | 0 | lognormal | (48, 50) | ||
| CN | 0.15, 1.18 | 0 | 0.11, 1.15 | 0 | lognormal | (48, 49) | ||
| shopping basket size (BSBM)d | all | 1,30,70 | 1, 5, 15 | 1, 10, 20 | 1, 5, 15 | items | BetaPERT | (3, 17) |
Where two numbers are reported, a lognormal distribution is defined by a geometric mean and geometric standard deviation. Where three numbers are reported, a BetaPERT distribution is used and the minimum, most likely, and maximum numbers are provided.
Data for the mode of travel and the distances in the U.K., the U.S., and the Netherlands came from national travel studies.7,8,19 The data for China came from studies in Shanghai21 and Nanjing20 and are only considered to be representative of urban regions in China. See Section S3.1 of the Supporting Information for further details.
See Section S3.1 of the Supporting Information for the calculation details.
Rounded to the nearest integer. See Section S3.1 of the Supporting Information for further details.