TABLE 1.

Summary of recommendation 1.

Scenario	Sub-recommendations
HIV-seropositive adults or adolescents (≥ 10 years) with a CD4 count < 200 cells/µL	Screen for cryptococcal antigenaemia on serum or plasma by reflex laboratory testing (preferred) or clinician-initiated testing If clinician-initiated testing is performed, screening should be restricted to adults or adolescents without prior cryptococcal disease who are initiating or re-initiating ART A cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay is the preferred method for screening (vs. a latex agglutination test format)
HIV-seropositive children (< 10 years)	There are insufficient data to recommend routine cryptococcal antigen screening in children
Patients with a new positive CrAg test result	Refer to Figure 1 and Recommendations 1, 3 and 5 regarding further investigations, antifungal treatment and timing of ART
ART was started before a new CrAg-positive result was received	Immediately refer for LP all patients with a positive blood CrAg who initiated a new ART regimen in the previous 4 weeks
Patients with a negative CrAg test result	Evaluate for other opportunistic infections including tuberculosis and start ART as soon as possible

ART, antiretroviral treatment; CrAg, cryptococcal antigen; LP, lumbar puncture.