Table 3.

Measurement properties of EQ-VAS in different countries/districts and disease groups

	Quality of PBM and evidence
	Construct validity			Test-retest reliability			Responsiveness
China	+	H	[21, 41, 72, 73, 75, 85]	+	Ma	[21, 41, 73, 75]
Hong Kong	+	H	[17, 18, 70]
Japan	±	Mc	[25]
Malaysia	±	H	[22, 53, 65]
Singapore	±	H	[13, 38, 46, 48–50, 77]	+	Lb	[38]	+	H	[13, 38, 51]
South Korea	±	H	[29–32]	−	Lb	[29, 30, 32]	+	Mc	[29]
Taiwan	±	H	[15, 16, 26, 36, 88]	+	H	[15]	+	Lb	[16, 26]
Thailand	+	H	[35, 61–63]	+	Lb	[63]	+	Lb	[63]
Vietnam	+	H	[69]
Indonesia	+	H	[59, 64]	±	Ma	[59, 64]
Cancer	±	H	[30, 32, 36, 38, 64]	±	Lb	[30, 32, 38, 64]	+	Mc	[38]
Diabetes	±	H	[46]
Eye disease	±	H	[13]				−	H	[13]
Gastric disease	+	H	[53]
General population	+	H	[15, 25, 31, 35, 41, 59, 65, 75, 85, 88]	+	Ma	[15, 41, 59, 75]
HIV	+	H	[62, 69, 72]
Injury	±	H	[26]				+	Lb	[26]
Kidney disease	+	H	[22]
Multiple conditions	+	H	[61, 63, 77]	+	Lb	[63]	+	Lb	[63]
Musculoskeletal disease	+	H	[18, 21]	−	Mc	[21]
Neurological disease	±	H	[50]				+	Ld	[51]
Respiratory disease	+	H	[17]
Rheumatic disease	+	H	[29, 48, 49, 70, 73]	+	Lb	[29, 73]	+	Mc	[29]
Stroke	−	H	[16]				+	Mc	[16]

Quality of PBM: + indicates sufficient results; ± indicates inconsistent results; − indicates insufficient results

Quality of evidence: H indicates high; M indicates moderate; L indicates low

Italicised font indicates that grading is based on no more than three studies

EQ-VAS EuroQol-Visual Analog Scale, PBM preference-based measure, ROB risk of bias

^aQuality downgraded by 1 level due to ROB

^bQuality downgraded by 2 levels due to ROB

^cQuality downgraded by 1 level due to imprecision

^dQuality downgraded by 2 levels due to imprecision