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. 2020 Jan 11;35(3):591–606. doi: 10.1007/s10980-019-00964-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Mean annual Norway spruce timber volume disturbed by wind and bark beetles in different spatial configurations (panels) and climate scenarios (rows). Values are reported for a Norway spruce percentage of 30% on the landscape, and are averages over the 190 year simulation period. Whiskers indicate the range between replicated simulations