| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Alewijnse 2003 | Intervention not relevant |
| Aslan 2008 | Intervention not relevant |
| Barber 2008 | Participants and intervention not relevant |
| Bawden 1992 | Intervention not relevant |
| BE‐DRI 2008 | Intervention not relevant |
| Berghmans 2000 | Intervention not relevant |
| Berghmans 2000a | Intervention not relevant |
| Berghmans 2001a | Intervention not relevant |
| Berghmans 2002 | Intervention not relevant |
| Beuttenmuller 2010 | Intervention not relevant |
| Bidmead 2002 | Intervention not relevant |
| Bo 2002 | Intervention not relevant |
| Bo 2012 | Systematic review |
| Burgio 1998 | Intervention not relevant |
| Burgio 2001a | Intervention not relevant |
| Burgio 2007 | Intervention not relevant |
| Cammu 1996 | Intervention not relevant |
| Capobianco 2012 | Participants not relevant |
| Chancellor 2008 | Intervention not relevant |
| Crothers 2003 | Intervention not relevant |
| de Jong 2006 | Intervention not relevant |
| Dowell 1997 | Design not relevant |
| Driusso 2008 | Intervention not relevant |
| Dumoulin 2011 | Intervention not relevant |
| Firra 2013 | Intervention not relevant |
| Fonda 1995 | Intervention not relevant |
| Goode 2003 | Intervention not relevant |
| Goode 2011a | Post‐prostatectomy patients |
| Greer 2012 | Systematic review |
| Gronwald 2010 | Intervention not relevant |
| Gunthorpe 1994 | Intervention not relevant |
| Ha 2008 | Intervention not relevant |
| Hahn 1991 | Intervention not relevant |
| Haken 1991 | Intervention not relevant |
| Henalla 1989 | Intervention not relevant |
| Herschorn 2004 | Intervention not relevant |
| Huang 2006 | Design not relevant |
| Huang 2012 | Intervention not relevant |
| Kafri 2007 | Intervention not relevant |
| Kangchai 2002 | The study is about the efficacy of a self management promotion programme and the participants were not relevant |
| Kaya 2011 | Intervention not relevant |
| Kim 2001 | Intervention not relevant |
| Kim 2006 | Design not relevant |
| Kim 2007 | Intervention not relevant |
| Kim 2009 | Intervention not relevant |
| Kincade 2007 | Intervention not relevant |
| Kirschner‐Hermanns 1995 | Intervention not relevant |
| Kobayashi 2009 | Intervention not relevant |
| Lagro‐Janssen 1991 | Intervention not relevant |
| Laycock 1988 | Intervention not relevant |
| Laycock 1993 | Intervention not relevant |
| Laycock 1995 | Intervention not relevant |
| Laycock 2001 | Intervention not relevant |
| Lee 2005 | Intervention not relevant |
| Madersbacher 2003 | Intervention not relevant |
| Madersbacher 2004 | Intervention not relevant; recruited both men and women with no separate data for women |
| Maher 2009 | Intervention not relevant |
| McCormack 2004 | Design not relevant |
| Millard 2003 | Participants were provided with a leaflet and were not under a structured PFMT programme and included both men and women (no separate data for women) |
| Millard 2003a | Participants were provided with a leaflet and were not under a structured PFMT programme and included both men and women (no separate data for women) |
| Millard 2003b | Participants were provided with a leaflet; were not under a structured PFMT programme; included both men and women (no separate data for women) |
| Millard 2004 | Participants were provided with a leaflet and were not under a structured PFMT programme; included both men and women (no separate data for women) |
| Mørkved 2002 | Intervention not relevant |
| O'Brien 1996 | Intervention not relevant |
| Oldham 2010 | Intervention not relevant |
| PRIDE 2004 | Intervention not relevant |
| Rutledge 2012 | Intervention not relevant |
| Sampselle 2003 | Design not relevant |
| Sanchez 2008 | Intervention not relevant |
| Savage 2005 | Design not relevant |
| Scott 1979 | Randomisation was not done for intervention (incontinence versus no incontinence) |
| Smith 1994 | Intervention not relevant |
| Sran 2011 | Intervention not relevant |
| Sultana 2014 | Intervention not relevant |
| Suzuki 2003 | Intervention not relevant |
| Tapp 1987 | Intervention not relevant |
| Terry 1996 | Intervention not relevant |
| Van Hespen 2006 | Participants and intervention not relevant |
| Viereck 2011 | Intervention not relevant |
| Voigt 1996 | Intervention not relevant |
| von der Heide 2003 | Intervention not relevant |
| Waterfield 2007 | Participant and intervention not relevant |
| Wells 1999 | Intervention not relevant |
| Wilson 1984 | Intervention not relevant |
| Yamanishi 2006 | Intervention not relevant |
| Yoon 1999 | Intervention not relevant |
| Zhao 2000 | Intervention not relevant |
PFMT: pelvic floor muscle training