Figure 1.

Assessing stress using speech. (a) When an individual speaks in the presence of (b) an actively recording smartphone or smart speaker, (c)an audio signalis captured. (d) Various features of the audio signal (e.g., pitch, jitter, energy, speaking rate, length and number of pauses) are then extractedand used as inputs to (e)a machine learning algorithm that yields a stress score. (f) The resultingscore can then be integrated into an individual’s clinical chart as an indicator of the person’s potential disease risk.