. 2019 Dec 17;45(3):340–357. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz096

Table III.

Ratings Based on Hunsley and Mash’s (2018) Criteria for Evidence-Based Assessments of Adherence Behaviors, Adherence Barriers, Disease Management Skills, and Treatment Responsibility

	Measure and Authors	Number of Items/ Respondent	Internal Consistency	Interrater Reliability	Test–Retest Reliability	Content Validity	Construct Validity	Validity Generalization	Treatment Sensitivity	Clinical Utility
Asthma
Adherence Behaviors	Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire (ATAQ; Skinner et al., 2004)	20 items; caregiver report	^○	–	–	^***	^***	^***	^**	^**
	Family Asthma Management System Scale (FAMSS; Klinnert, McQuaid, & Gavin, 1997; McQuaid, Walders, Kopel, Fritz, & Klinnert, 2005)	Semi-structured intervention with parents of children with asthma ages 11-17	^***	^***	–	^***	^***	^***	^**	^**
	Medication Intake Survey – Asthma (MIS-A; Dima et al., 2017)	6 items; youth ages ≥ 12 and parents of children ages 6-12	–	–	–	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
	Pediatric Inhaler Adherence Questionnaire (Martinez, Sossa, & Rand, 2008)	6 items; parent-report	–	–	^**	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
Adherence Barriers	Illness Management Survey (IMS; Logan, Zelikovsky, Labay, & Spergel, 2003)	36 items; youth-report	^***	–	^**	^***	^***	^***	–	^**
	Parent Barriers to Managing Asthma (Bursch, Schwankovsky, Gilbert, & Zeiger, 1999)	9 items; parent-report	^**	–	–	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
	Parent Belief in Treatment Efficacy (Bursch et al., 1999)	5 items; parent-report	^**	–	–	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
Disease Management Skills	Child and Parent Asthma Self-Efficacy Scale (Bursch et al., 1999)	13 items on the parent version; 14 items on the child version	^***	–	–	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
Disease Management Skills	Reasoning About Managing Asthma (Kintner, Cook, Hull, & Meeder, 2013)	8 items; youth-report	^**	–	–	^***	^○	^**	^**	^**
Treatment Responsibility	Asthma Responsibility Questionnaire (McQuaid, Penza-Clyve, Nassau, & Fritz, 2001)	10 items; youth- and parent-report	^***	^○	–	^***	^***	^***	^○	^**
Cystic fibrosis
Disease Management Skills	Knowledge of Disease Management – CF (KDM-CF; Bernstein, Riekert, & Quittner, 2018)	23 items; adolescent-report	^**	–	–	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
Treatment Responsibility	The Self-Care Independence Scale (SCIS; Patton, Graham, Varlotta, & Holsclaw, 2003)	44 items; parents of children ages 4-17	^**	–	^**	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
Diabetes
Adherence Behaviors	Diabetes Adherence, Parent and Child (Lehmkuhl et al., 2009)	20 items; parent- and child-report	^**	^○	^**	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
	Diabetes Family Adherence Measure (DFAM; Lewin et al., 2010)	19 items and 4 validity items; youth-report	^**	–	^**	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
	Diabetes Management Questionnaire (DMQ; Mehta et al., 2015)	20 items; youth- and caregiver report	^**	^○	^○	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
	Diabetes Regimen Adherence Questionnaire (DRAQ; Brownlee-Duffeck et al., 1987)	15 items; adolescents ages 8-17	^**	–	–	–	^○	^**	–	^**
	Self-Care Inventory (SCI; Davis et al., 2001; Delamater et al., 1997; Greco et al., 1990; La Greca, Swales, Klemp, & Madigan, 1988, April; Lewin et al., 2009; Wysocki et al., 2000)	14 items; parent- and adolescent-report	^***	^○	^**	–	^***	^○	^**	^**
Adherence Barriers	Barriers to Diabetes Adherence Measure for Adolescents (Mulvaney et al., 2011)	21 items; adolescent-report	^***	–	–	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
Adherence Barriers	Self-Care Adherence Interview (Hanson et al., 1989, 1992, 1996)	15 item semi-structured interview; youth ages 10-20 and parents	^○	^**	^**	–	^○	^**	–	^**
Disease Management Skills	Adolescent Diabetes Needs Assessment Tool (Cooper et al., 2014)	117 items; adolescent-report	–	–	^**	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
	Diabetes Behavior Rating Scale (Iannotti et al., 2006)	Injection version: 36 items; pump version: 37 items; youth and parents	^***	^○	^**	^***	^**	^***	^**	^**
	Diabetes Self-Management Profile Revised (Harris et al., 2000; Iannotti et al., 2006)	29 items; semi-structured interview with youth and parents	^**	^**	^○	^***	^**	^***	^**	^**
	Diabetes Strengths and Resilience Measure (Hilliard, Iturralde, Weissberg-Benchell, & Hood, 2017)	12 items; youth ages 8-18	^***	–	–	^***	^○	^**	^**	^**
	PedCarbQuiz (Koontz et al., 2010)	78 items; youth and caregivers	^***	–	–	^**	^**	^***	–	^**
	Self-Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adolescents (SMOD-A; Rechenberg, Whittemore, Grey, Jaser, & Group, 2016; Rechenberg, Whittemore, Holland, & Grey, 2017; Schilling et al., 2009)	52 items; youth ages 8-21	^**	–	^**	^***	^***	^**	^**	^**
Treatment Responsibility	Collaborative Parent Involvement Scale (Nansel et al., 2009)	12 items; adolescent-report	^**	–	–	^***	^***	^**	^○	^**
Treatment Responsibility	Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire (DFRQ; Anderson, Auslander, Jung, Miller, & Santiago, 1990)	17 item interview; youth ages 6-21 and their parents	^**	^**	–	^***	^***	^**	^**	^**
Epilepsy
Adherence Behaviors and Barriers	Pediatric Epilepsy Self-Management Questionnaire (Carbone, Zebrack, Plegue, Joshi, & Shellhaas, 2013; Modi, Monahan, Daniels, & Glauser, 2010)	27 items; caregivers of youth ages 2-14 and adolescents ages 12-17	^**	–	–	^***	^○	^**	^***	^**
Disease Management Skills	Epilepsy Self-Management Scale (Dilorio, Faherty, & Manteuffel, 1992; Faherty, DiIorio, & Manteuffel, 1991)	26 items; older adolescents and adults ages 17-66	^**	–	–	^***	^○	–	–	^**
Food Allergy
Adherence Behaviors and Barriers	Food Allergy Management Perceptions Questionnaire (FAMPQ; Herbert, Lin, Matsui, Wood, & Sharma, 2016)	25 items; youth ages 13-21	^**	–	–	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
HIV
Adherence Behaviors, Barriers, Treatment Responsibility	P1042S Child/Adolescent Questionnaire and Parent/Caregiver Questionnaire (Buchanan et al., 2012; Farley, Hines, Musk, Ferrus, & Tepper, 2003)	30 items; youth ages 8-18 and their caregivers	^***	^○	–	–	^**	^**	–	^**
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)
Disease Management Skills	IBD-Knowledge Inventory Device (IBD-KID; Haaland, Day, & Otley, 2014)	25 items; youth ages 10-17 and their parents	^**	^**	^**	^***	^**	^**	–	^**
Treatment Responsibility	IBD Family Responsibility Questionnaire (IBD-FRQ; Greenley, Doughty, Stephens, & Kugathasan, 2010)	23 items; adolescents ages 11-18 and their caregivers	^○	^○	–	^***	^**	^**	–	^**
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Adherence Behaviors, Treatment Responsibility	Parent Adherence Report Questionnaire (PARQ; De Civita, Dobkin, Ehrmann-Feldman, Karp, & Duffy, 2005)	Caregivers of youth ages 15-18	^○	^○	^○	^***	^***	^**	–	^**
Spina Bifida
Adherence Behaviors	Parent Report of Medical Adherence in Spina Bifida Scale (PROMASB; Holmbeck et al., 1998)	39 items; parents of youth ages 8-9	^○	^○	–	^**	–	^**	–	^**
Disease Management Skills	Adolescent/Young Adult Self-Management and Independence Scale II (Buran, Brei, Sawin, Stevens, & Neufeld, 2006; Sawin, Heffelfinger, Cashin, & Brei, 2018)	17 items; adolescents ages 12-21 and their parents	^**	^**	^***	^***	^***	^**	–	^**
	Kennedy Krieger Independence Scales – Spina Bifida Version (Jacobson et al., 2013)	18 items; caregivers of youth and young adults ages 10-29	^***	–	–	^***	^○	^**	–	^**
	Spina Bifida Independence Survey (Psihogios, Kolbuck, & Holmbeck, 2015)	50 items; youth ages 8-15 and their parents	^○	–	–	^**	^○	^**	–	^**
Treatment Responsibility	Sharing of SB Management Responsibilities (Psihogios et al., 2015)	34 items; youth ages 8-15 and their parents	^○	–	–	^**	^○	^**	–	^**
Solid Organ Transplant
Adherence Barriers	Barriers Assessment Tool (Varnell et al., 2017)	14 items; youth ages 10-24 and their caregivers	–	^○	–	^***	–	^**	–	^**
Disease Management Skills	Behavioral Affective and Somatic Experiences (BASES; Phipps, Hinds, Channell, & Bell, 1994)	38 items; nurse-report	^**	^***	–	^***	–	^***	^**	^**
Disease Management Skills	Behavioral Affective and Somatic Experiences, Parent Version (BASES-P; Phipps et al., 1994)	38 items; parent-report	^**	^○	–	^***	–	^***	^**	^**
Disease Management Skills	Behavioral Affective and Somatic Experiences, Child Version (BASES-C; Phipps et al., 1994)	14 items; youth-report	^○	^○	–	^***	^**	^***	^**	^**
General Measures and Measures Adapted for Multiple Chronic Illness Populations
Adherence Behaviors	24-hr Recall Interview/Daily Phone Diary (Johnson, Silverstein, Rosenbloom, Carter, & Cunningham, 1986; Marhefka, Tepper, Farley, Sleasman, & Mellins, 2006; Naar-King, Frey, Harris, & Arfken, 2005)*Initially validated in youth with diabetes and subsequently validated in cystic fibrosis, asthma, HIV, epilepsy, obesity, spina bifida, and autism spectrum disorder	3 telephone interviews within a 2-week period; caregivers of youth ages 2-19	^○	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
	Chronic Disease Compliance Instrument (Kyngas, Skaar-Chandler, & Duffy, 2000)	13 background questions and 41 items; adolescents ages 13-17 with diabetes (expanded to asthma, epilepsy, and rheumatoid arthritis)	^**	–	–	^***	^○	^***	–	^**
	Medical Adherence Measure (Zelikovsky & Schast, 2008)*Initially validated in renal transplant and subsequently validated in inflammatory bowel disease	Semi-structured clinical interview; youth ages 13-23	–	–	^**	^***	^***	^**	–	^**
Adherence Barriers	Adolescent Medication Barriers Scale (AMBS; Simons & Blount, 2007)*Initially validated in solid organ transplant and subsequently validated in inflammatory bowel disease	17 items; adolescents ages 11-21	^***	^○	–	^***	^**	^***	^**	^**
Adherence Barriers	Parent Medication Barriers Scale (PMBS; Simons & Blount, 2007)*Initially validated in solid organ transplant and subsequently validated in stem cell transplant	16 items; parents of youth ages 11-21	^***	^○	–	^***	^**	^***	^**	^**
Disease Management Skills	Self-Management Skills Scale (Klassen et al., 2015)	15 items; adolescent-report	^***	–	–	^***	–	–	–	^**
Treatment Responsibility	Allocation of Treatment Responsibility (Pai et al., 2010)*Initially validated in transplant and subsequently validated in epilepsy and sickle cell disease	18 items; youth ages 7-18 and their caregivers	^***	^**	–	^***	^***	^***	–	^**

Note. ○ = Below Adequate; ** = Adequate; *** = Good; and **** = Excellent; – = Not Applicable; For measures with parent and child reports, ratings reflect psychometric properties of both reporters.