Table 3.
Variables | Mothers with normal BMI (n = 133) | Mothers with high BMI (n = 181) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total, n | Thinness, % | Normal, % | Overweight, % | p | Total, n | Thinness, % | Normal, % | Overweight, % | p | |
N | 133 | 36 | 82 | 15 | 181 | 18 | 134 | 29 | ||
% | 27.1 | 61.7 | 11.3 | 9.9 | 74.0 | 16.0 | ||||
Sex | 0.76 | 0.66 | ||||||||
Boy | 51 | 27.5 | 58.8 | 13.7 | 74 | 10.8 | 74.3 | 14.9 | ||
Girl | 82 | 26.8 | 63.4 | 9.8 | 107 | 9.4 | 73.8 | 16.8 | ||
Grade | 0.55 | 0.33 | ||||||||
1 | 38 | 26.3 | 63.2 | 10.5 | 40 | 7.5 | 82.5 | 10.0 | ||
2 | 26 | 23.1 | 57.7 | 19.2 | 27 | 7.4 | 74.1 | 18.5 | ||
3 | 25 | 32.0 | 56.0 | 12.0 | 42 | 7.1 | 69.1 | 23.8 | ||
4 | 21 | 28.6 | 61.9 | 9.5 | 36 | 8.3 | 72.2 | 19.4 | ||
5 | 23 | 26.1 | 69.6 | 4.4 | 36 | 19.4 | 72.2 | 8.3 | ||
Mother’s age (years) | 0.32 | 0.81 | ||||||||
20–29 | 18 | 11.1 | 66.7 | 22.2 | 18 | 5.6 | 83.3 | 11.1 | ||
30–39 | 78 | 30.8 | 60.3 | 9.0 | 98 | 10.2 | 72.5 | 17.4 | ||
40–49 | 34 | 29.4 | 58.8 | 11.8 | 62 | 9.7 | 75.8 | 14.5 | ||
50–59 | 3 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0 | 3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | ||
Maternal education | 0.39 | 0.10 | ||||||||
Low (up to primary) | 20 | 45.0 | 50.0 | 5.0 | 27 | 22.2 | 59.3 | 18.5 | ||
Middle (incomplete secondary) | 36 | 19.4 | 66.7 | 13.9 | 63 | 12.7 | 73.0 | 14.3 | ||
High (complete secondary or higher) | 77 | 26.0 | 62.3 | 11.7 | 91 | 4.4 | 79.1 | 16.5 | ||
Maternal employment status | 0.02 | 0.82 | ||||||||
Housewife | 101 | 29.7 | 63.4 | 6.9 | 132 | 11.4 | 71.2 | 17.4 | ||
Employment | 26 | 19.2 | 57.7 | 23.1 | 41 | 7.3 | 85.4 | 7.3 | ||
Others | 6 | 16.7 | 50.0 | 33.3 | 8 | 0.0 | 62.5 | 37.5 | ||
Household income (monthly average, Rs.) | 0.88 | 0.18 | ||||||||
Low (< 15,000) | 38 | 31.6 | 52.6 | 15.8 | 37 | 8.1 | 83.8 | 8.1 | ||
Middle (15,000–< 50,000) | 84 | 25.0 | 66.7 | 8.3 | 116 | 11.2 | 72.4 | 16.4 | ||
High (≥ 50,000) | 11 | 27.3 | 54.6 | 18.2 | 28 | 7.1 | 67.9 | 25.0 | ||
Total number of members of the household | 0.08 | 0.32 | ||||||||
2–3 | 22 | 27.3 | 50.0 | 22.7 | 22 | 4.6 | 68.2 | 27.3 | ||
4 | 44 | 15.9 | 75.0 | 9.1 | 70 | 11.4 | 71.4 | 17.1 | ||
5 | 41 | 31.7 | 61.0 | 7.3 | 58 | 10.3 | 81.0 | 8.6 | ||
6–10 | 26 | 38.5 | 50.0 | 11.5 | 31 | 9.7 | 71.0 | 19.4 |
BMI: body mass index, Mothers with normal BMI: 18.5–< 25 kg/m2, Mothers with high BMI: ≥ 25 kg/m2, Child BAZ: BMI-for-age z-score, Thinness: BAZ < -2SD, Normal: BAZ -2SD–+1SD, Overweight: BAZ > +1SD, SD: standard deviation