Table 3. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and results from the bivariate analysis for falls.
| Falls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Yes | No | p-value | |
| SARC-F+ a | 115 (54.8%) | 62 (67.4%) | 53 (44.9%) | <0.001c |
| Gender | 0.518c | |||
| Female | 92 (43.8%) | 38 (41.3%) | 54 (45.8%) | |
| Male | 118 (56.2%) | 54 (58.7%) | 64 (54.2%) | |
| Age | 67.9 (59.8–75.6) | 69 (61.6–73.8) | 66.9 (57.8–76.8) | 0.632b |
| Disease duration | 7 (4–13) | 10 (5–17.5) | 6 (4–10) | <0.001b |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 2.5 (2–3) | 2.8 (2–3) | 2 (2–2.5) | 0.001b |
| SE ADL score | 80 (70–90) | 80 (70–90) | 90 (80–90) | 0.016b |
| LED | 1000 (600–1400) | 1125 (712.5–1524.5) | 900 (550–1350) | 0.024b |
| Number of medications | 4 (3–6) | 5 (3–7) | 4 (3–6) | 0.052b |
| Polypharmacy | 0.065c | |||
| <5 | 111 (52.9%) | 42 (45.7%) | 69 (58.5%) | |
| ≥5 | 99 (47.1%) | 50 (54.3%) | 49 (41.5%) | |
| Hypertension | 87 (41.4%) | 33 (35.9%) | 54 (45.8%) | 0.149c |
| Type 2 DM | 41 (19.6%) | 20 (21.7%) | 21 (17.9%) | 0.493c |
| Dementia | 26 (12.4%) | 15 (16.3%) | 11 (9.3%) | 0.127c |
| Depression | 97 (46.4%) | 43 (47.3%) | 54 (45.8%) | 0.830c |
| Probable sarcopenia | 99 (47.1%) | 51 (55.4%) | 48 (40.7%) | 0.034c |
| Katz scale score | 2.3 ± 1.5 (2) | 2.4 ± 1.4 (2) | 2.3 ± 1.6 (2) | 0.446b |
| Pfeffer scale score | 9.6 ± 7.3 (8) | 9.6 ± 7.1 (9) | 9.6 ± 7.5 (8) | 0.989b |
| GDS score | 6 (3–9) | 6 (4–9) | 5 (3–8) | 0.573b |
| Motor physical therapy | 24 (12.3%) | 13 (15.5%) | 11 (9.9%) | 0.241c |
| Osteoporosis | 21 (10.4%) | 9 (10%) | 12 (10.7%) | 0.869c |
| PDQ score | 40.4 (27.2–55.1) | 43.6 (27.6–60.3) | 39.1 (26.9–51.3) | 0.149b |
| Functional mobility | 47.5 (22.5–72.5) | 46.3 (25–77.5) | 47.5 (22.5–70) | 0.532b |
| Activities of daily living | 41.7 (25–62.5) | 43.8 (25–70.8) | 37.5 (25–58.3) | 0.152b |
| Emotional well-being | 41.7 (25–58.3) | 41.7 (25–62.5) | 37.5 (25–58.3) | 0.340b |
| Stigma | 31.3 (18.8–56.3) | 31.3 (25–68.8) | 31.3 (12.5–50) | 0.169b |
| Social support | 58.3 (41.7–66.7) | 58.3 (41.7–66.7) | 58.3 (41.7–66.7) | 0.938b |
| Cognition | 37.5 (21.9–50) | 37.5 (25–56.3) | 37.5 (18.8–50) | 0.414b |
| Communication | 33.3 (16.7–58.3) | 33.3 (25–58.3) | 33.3 (16.7–58.3) | 0.362b |
| Bodily discomfort | 50 (33.3–75) | 54.2 (41.7–75) | 50 (33.3–70.8) | 0.296b |
| Hand grip strength | 21.7 (15–30.6) | 21.3 (14.7–28.7) | 22 (15.3–32.7) | 0.291b |
| FTSTS | 0.067c | |||
| Altered | 141 (67.1%) | 62 (67.4%) | 79 (66.9%) | |
| Not performed | 16 (7.6%) | 11 (12%) | 5 (4.2%) | |
| Normal | 53 (25.2%) | 19 (20.7%) | 34 (28.8%) | |
Data expressed in percentage (%), as well as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed data and median (25th-75th) for not normally distributed
a: Sarcopenia was assessed using SARC-F scores, SARC-F +: score ≥4.
b: Mann-Whitney test
c: Pearson's chi-squared test
d: Fisher's Exact Test; SE ADL: Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale; LED: levodopa equivalent dose; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; PDQ: Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; Type 2 DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; FTSTS: Five Times Sit-to-Stand test.