Table 1. Characteristics of included studies.
| 1st author (year of publication) | Design | Pathogen | Deep infections | Rifampin therapy | Group (n) | Outcome measures | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (ratios of MRSA to S. aureus) | Daily dose | Duration | Mortality (n) | Bacteriologic failure (n) | Relapse (n) | ||||
| Van der Auwera P (1983) [22] | RCT | S. aureus (NG#) | Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, osteomyelitis, postoperative wound infection, endocarditis | 600 mg, IV then PO | 3–43 days | Standard+rifampin (10) | 0 | 0 | / |
| Standard (9)‖ | 4 | 1 | / | ||||||
| Van der Auwera P (1985) [23] | RCT | S. aureus (NG) | Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, osteomyelitis, cellulitis | 1200 mg, PO | 18.9, 21.1 days* | Standard+rifampin (13) | 1 | 0 | / |
| Standard+placebo (16) | 0 | 3 | / | ||||||
| Levine DP (1991) [24] | RCT | S. aureus (100%) | Endocarditis | 600 mg, PO | 28 days | Standard+rifampin (18) | 1 | / | / |
| Standard (19) | 2 | / | / | ||||||
| Ruotsalainen E (2006) [25] | RCT | S. aureus (0%) | Endocarditis, pneumonia, deep-seated abscess, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis | 450/600 mg, PO or IV§ | >28 days | Standard+rifampin (265) | 44 | / | / |
| Standard (66) | 25 | / | / | ||||||
| Riedel DJ (2008) [26] | Cohort | S. aureus (76%) | Endocarditis | NG | 14–48 days | Standard+rifampin (42) | 9 | / | 9 |
| Standard (42) | 2 | / | 14 | ||||||
| Forsblom E (2015) [27] | Cohort | S. aureus (0%) | Pneumonia, endocarditis, purulent arthritis, osteomyelitis, deep-seated abscess and any foreign-body infection | 450/600 mg, IV§ | Short term: 1–13 days, Long term: ≥14 days | Standard+rifampin (261) | 41 | / | 2 |
| Standard (96) | 25 | / | 2 | ||||||
| Thwaites GE (2017) [28] | RCT | S. aureus (6%) | Endocarditis, prostheses infections, skin or soft tissue infections | 600/900 mg, PO or IV§ | 14 days | Standard+rifampin (370) | 56 | 4 | 3 |
| Standard+placebo (388) | 56 | 5 | 16 | ||||||
Abbreviation and notes:
#, Not given: information was not given
§, [25,27] Rifampicin was administered 450 mg once daily for patients under 50 kg and 600 mg once daily for patients over 50 kg in weight, [28] 600 mg or 900 mg of rifampicin was given per day according to weight
*, mean duration of therapy
‖,Standard therapy: [22,23] oxacillin, vancomycin, [24] vancomycin, gentamicin, [25] semisynthetic penicillin, levofloxacin, cloxacillin, cefuroxime, clindamycin, vancomycin, [26] vancomycin, nafcillin, daptomycin, cefazolin, [27] cloxacillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolone, aminoglycoside, [28] flucloxacillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin.