Table 1:
Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics and Risk Indices
| Maternal Psychosocial and Medical Characteristics (n=583) | N (%) or Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Socioenvironmental Risk Index1 | 1.1 (0.91) |
| Minority race or ethnicity | 333 (57.1) |
| Maternal age > 35 at childbirth | 104 (17.8) |
| No prenatal care | 16 (2.7) |
| No partner | 145 (24.9) |
| Low socioeconomic status (Hollingshead category 5) | 55 (9.4) |
| Maternal Medical Complications Index | 0.94 (0.87) |
| Diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes | 36 (6.2) |
| Pregnancy infection (vaginal, cervical, urinary, or kidney) | 60 (10.3) |
| Hypertension (chronic or pregnancy induced) | 159 (27.3) |
| HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections | 38 (6.5) |
| Pre-pregnancy obesity, BMI>30 | 198 (34.0) |
| Pre-pregnancy underweight, BMI<18.5 | 29 (5.0) |
| Congenital anomaly (not affecting NNNS administration) | 33 (5.7) |
| Substance Use Index | 0.30 (0.68) |
| Tobacco | 84 (14.4) |
| Alcohol | 19 (3.3) |
| Marijuana | 57 (9.8) |
| Other recreational substance use | 26 (4.5) |
| Opiates | 14 (2.4) |
| Stimulants | 13 (2.2) |
| Benzodiazepines/Barbiturates | 5 (0.97) |
| Hallucinogens | 2 (0.3) |
| Maternal Psychological History and Treatment | |
| Prenatal depression | 35 (6.0) |
| Prescribed antidepressants during pregnancy | 30 (5.1) |
| Depression counseling during pregnancy | 25 (4.3) |
| Prenatal anxiety | 42 (7.2) |
| Prescribed anxiolytics during pregnancy | 31 (5.3) |
| Anxiety counseling during pregnancy | 31 (5.3) |
| Neonatal Medical Characteristics (N=665) | N (%) or Mean(SD) |
| Female | 291 (43.8) |
| Cesarean Delivery | 471 (70.8) |
| Multiple Gestation | 176 (26.5) |
| PMA at birth (weeks) | 27.0 (1.9) |
| ≤25 | 140 (21.1) |
| >25 to ≤28 | 299 (45.0) |
| >28 to <30 | 226 (34.0) |
| Birthweight (grams) | 951.6(278.6) |
| Head Circumference | 24.5 (2.4) |
| Intrauterine Growth Restriction (birthweight <10%ile for PMA) | 48 (7.2) |
| PMA at NNNS exam (range 32.1-51.3 weeks) | 39.3 (3.4) |
| <34 weeks | 6 (0.9) |
| ≥34 to <36 weeks | 98 (14.7) |
| ≥36 to <38 weeks | 167 (25.1) |
| ≥38 to <42 weeks | 259(38.9) |
| ≥42 to <46 weeks | 96 (14.4) |
| ≥ 46 weeks | 39(5.9) |
| PMA at NICU Discharge | 40.4 (5.1) |
| Length of NICU Stay (Days) | 93.3 (42.4) |
| Out-born | 128 (19.2) |
| Neonatal Medical Complications Index: | 0.87(0.87) |
| Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity | 40 (6.0) |
| Sepsis | 87 (13.1) |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 44 (6.6) |
| Chronic Lung Disease | 336 (50.5) |
| Severe Brain Injuries (parenchymal echodensity, periventricular leukomalacia, ventricular dilatation) | 146 (22.0) |
| Brain Injuries | |
| Parenchymal echodensity on any scan* | 52 (7.8) |
| Periventricular leukomalacia on any scan* | 43 (6.5) |
| Periventricular leukomalacia on late scan | 26 (3.9) |
| Germinal matrix hemorrhage on any scan | 149 (22.4) |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage on any scan | 119 (17.9) |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage on late scan | 69 (10.4) |
| Ventricular dilatation on any scan* | 51 (7.7) |
| Ventricular dilatation on late scan | 40 (6.0) |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage on any scan | 3 (0.5) |
| Cerebellar hemorrhage on any scan1 | 12 (1.8) |
Note: NNNS, NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS);
*
Brain injuries included in the Neonatal Medical Complications Index;
1
Lower than expected rate in this <30 week PMA sample may be due to the absence of mastoid CUS views