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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 20.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Hum Behav. 2020 Jan 20;4(3):255–264. doi: 10.1038/s41562-019-0810-4

Figure 3. Impact of high-need/high-cost users.

Figure 3.

The figure shows that in each of the five health and social sectors, 10% of the NZIDI study population accounted for a disproportionate share of use-events (left panel) and costs (right panel). Totals were accumulated across the 10-year observation period (July 2006-June 2016). Per the confidentiality rules of Statistics New Zealand, counts were randomly rounded to a base of three and dollar values were rounded to the nearest 100.

aAlthough objective costs were not available for criminal convictions, only 10.7% of the study population had a conviction during the observation period, indicating that high-need users accounted for virtually all dollars spent in this sector.