Table 4. Immune-related markers expression; roles in anti-tumor immunity and candidate therapeutic agents in clinical development. Adapted from (59).
| Target/marker | Expression on Immune Cells | Expression on mesothelioma cells | Function with respect to anti-tumor immunity | Compound in development |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VISTA | CD8+, CD4+ T-cells, Tregs, NK cells, DC, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes | Yes | Co-inhibitory | CA-170 |
| B7H3 | T-cells, antigen-presenting cells (APC), NK-cells | Yes | Co-stimulatory; co-inhibitory | Enoblituzumab; Orlotamab; MGC018 |
| LAG-3 | Effector T-cells, Tregs, NK-cells, B-cells, DCs | No | Co-inhibitory | Eftilagimod; MK-4280; Relatlimab; REGN3767; LAG525; TSR-033; INCAGN02385; Sym022; MGD0131; FS1181; XmAb®228412 |
| TIM-3 | CD8+, CD4+ T helper 1 cells (Th1 cells), Tregs, NK cells, DC, monocytes, macrophages | No | Co-inhibitory | MBG453; TSR-022; LY3321367; INCAGN02390; Sym023; BGB-A425; LY34152443 |
| OX40/OX40L | Tregs, neutrophils, NK-cells and NKT-cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells (upon TCR stimulation) | No | Co-stimulatory | Vonlerolizumab; PF-04518600; MEDI6383; MEDI0562; INCAGN01949; GSK3174998; MEDI6469; BMS-986178; mRNA 2416 (a Lipid Nanoparticle Encapsulated mRNA Encoding Human OX40L) |
1, anti-LAG3 + anti-PD-1; 2, anti-LAG3 + anti-CTLA4; 3, anti-TIM3 + anti-PD-L1. MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma; DC, dendritic cell.