Table 3. Summary of recent prevalence studies on glucose metabolism in untreated hypercortisolism.
| Study, year | Patients, n | Etiology of hypercortisolism, n | Prevalence of DM and IGT at baseline, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mancini et al., 2004 (24) | 49 | CD: 27 | DM: 23/49 (46.8%) |
| Adrenal Adenoma: 15 | IGT: 10/49 (20%) | ||
| Adrenal Carcinoma: 4 | |||
| Ectopic CS:3 | |||
| Clayton et al., 2011 (19) | 60 | CD: 60 | DM: 11/60 (18.3%) |
| Valassi et al., 2011 (5) | 481 | CD: 317 | DM: 96/294 (33%), missing data in 23 subjects |
| Adrenal CS:130 | DM: 43/127 (34%), missing data in 3 subjects | ||
| Ectopic CS: 24 | DM: 17/23 (74%), missing data in 1 subject | ||
| Other CS: 10 | DM: 2/10 (20%) | ||
| Hassan-Smith et al., 2012 (47) | 72 | CD: 72 | DM: 22/72 (31%) |
| Dekkers et al., 2013 (20) | 343 | CD: 211 | DM: 45/343 (13.1%) |
| Adrenal CS: 132 | |||
| Lambert et al., 2013 (21) | 346 | CD: 346 | DM: 95/346 (27%) |
| Di Dalmazi et al., 2014 (6) | 69 | Adrenal MACS: 69 | DM: 21/69 (30%) |
| Elhassan et al., 2019 (23) | 277 | MACS: 277 | DM: pooled percentage of 28% |
Selection criteria: publication year: 2004 or after; design: retrospective, prospective studies or systematic reviews; outcome: glucose abnormality prevalence data available at baseline. DM, diabetes mellitus; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; CS, Cushing syndrome; CD, Cushing disease; MACS, mild autonomous cortisol secretion.