Table 3.
Summary of sexual orientation in people with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
| Concept | Sex | Studies in chronological order | Publication year range | Age range (years) | Findings, Ranges in percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sexual identity | Females | Money et al. (1984); Mulaikal et al. (1987); Slijper et al. (1992); Kuhnle et al. (1995); Zucker et al. (1996); Morgan et al. (2005); Brinkmann et al. (2007); Liang et al. (2008); Meyer-Bahlburg et al. (2008); Frisen et al. (2009); Falhammar et al. (2012); Jurgensen et al. (2013); Lesma et al. (2014); Binet et al. (2016); Callens et al. (2016). | 1984–2016 | 8–69 | Heterosexual: 40–100 Bisexual: 3,4–37 Homosexual: 3–20 Bi-/homosexual:0–50 |
| Sexual inclination and orientation | Females | Dittmann et al. (1992); Gastaud et al. (2007); Meyer-Bahlburg et al. (2008). | 1992–2008 | 11–61 | Homosexual: 20–44 Bi-/homosexual inclination: 33–47 |
| Sexual attraction | Females | Ehrhardt (1979); May et al. (1996); Jurgensen et al. (2013) | 1979–2013 | 11–37 | Heterosexual: 62–78 Bisexual: 3–7 Homosexual: 3–16 |
| Sexual fantasies and dreams | Females | Ehrhardt et al. (1968a); Lev-Ran (1974); Ehrhardt (1979); Zucker et al. (1996); Lee et al. (2010); Khorashad et al. (2017). | 1968–2017 | 11–69 | Heterosexual: 70–100 Bisexual fantasies: 23 Homosexual: 8–46 Homo-/bisexual: 13 |
| Erotosexual arousal (imagery/and or activity) | Females | Money et al. (1984); Callens et al. (2016). | 1984–2016 | 16–46 | Heterosexual: 40 Bisexual: 37 |
| Sexual behavior/ experiences/relations/ practices/activity | Females | Ehrhardt et al. (1968a); Lev-Ran (1974); Zucker et al. (1996); Hines et al. (2004); Gastaud et al. (2007); Meyer-Bahlburg et al. (2008); Lee et al. (2010); Callens et al. (2016); Khorashad et al. (2017). | 1968–2017 | 14–69 | Heterosexual: 17–100 Bisexual: 3–25 Homosexual: 0–16 |
| Sexual relationships | Females | Ehrhardt (1979), Zucker et al. (1996), Johannsen et al. (2006), Meyer-Bahlburg et al. (2008), Lee et al. (2010), Fagerholm et al. (2011), Jurgensen et al. (2013), Lesma et al. (2014), Callens et al. (2016), Khorashad et al. (2017). | 1979–2017 | 11–69 | Heterosexual: 54–92 Bisexual: 8–16 Homosexual: 3–15 |
| Preferred sexual partner | Females | Kanhere et al. (2015) | 2015 | 14–26 | Heterosexual: 62 Bisexual: 21 Homosexual: 16 |
| Love relationships | Females | Dittmann et al. (1992), Jurgensen et al. (2013). | 1992–2013 | 11–41 | Heterosexual: 21–54 Bisexual: 9 Homosexual:3–40 |
| Preferred life partner and romantic interest | Females | Ehrhardt et al. (1968b), Gupta et al. (2006). | 1968–2006 | 4–26 | Heterosexual: 94 Homosexual: 0-6 |
| Sexual behaviors and partnerships | Males (46, XY) | Hines et al. (2004), Falhammar et al. (2012), Falhammar et al. (2017). | 2004–2017 | 15–81 | Homosexual: 0 |
| Life partner, sexual behaviors, and fantasies | Males (46, XX) | Lee et al. (2010), Falhammar et al. (2012). | 2010–2012 | 35–69 | Homosexual: 0 Bisexual: 0 |