Table 2.

Patterns and classifications of facial fractures

Multiple buttresses fracture Pterygoid processes	Yes-LeFort	I, the anterolateral margin of the nasal fossa
		II, the inferior orbital rim
		III, the zygomatic arch
	No-	Medial: Naso-orbito-ethmoidal complex, Markowitz and Manson classification	type I -->medial canthal tendon is intact and connected to a single large fracture fragment.
			type II-->the fracture is comminuted, and the medial canthal tendon is attached to a single bone fragment.
			type III-→ comminution extends to the medial canthal tendon insertion site on the anterior medial orbital wall at the level of the lacrimal fossa, with resultant tendon avulsion.
		Lateral: Zygomaticomaxillary complex
One/few buttresses fracture	Mandible→ characterized by location
	Orbital “blow out” fracture
	Frontal sinus fractures
	Alveolar process
	Nasal bone