Table 1.

Patient inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Patient inclusion criteria

All adult and paediatric patients admitted to the participating institution with a traumatic brain injury for which they receive emergency surgery during the selected 30-day inclusion period are eligible for inclusion in the study.

Patient exclusion criteria

•Patients who ONLY have an external ventricular drain or intraparenchymal wire (or other monitoring device) inserted for the diagnosis and/or management of intracranial hypertension. •Patients who undergo procedures for chronic subdural haematoma(s), including burr holes or mini-craniotomies. •Elective (planned admission) or semi-elective (where patient initially admitted as an emergency, then discharged from hospital, and re-admitted at later time for surgery) procedures. •Patients who have previously had emergency cranial surgery for traumatic brain injury rendering them eligible for inclusion in this study (regardless of whether they were included)