Table 2.

List of CD27/CD70 targeting agents in ongoing clinical trials

Name of the compound	Mechanism of action	Tumour type	Phase of clinical trial development	Company	Reference/trial number
Varlilumab+atezolizumab in combination with radiation therapy	Fully human IgG1 CD27 agonistic mAb+fully human IgG1 inhibitory mAb targeting PD-L1	Stage III–IV NSCLC, metastatic NSCLC, unresectable NSCLC	Phase I, recruiting	Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey+NCI	NCT04081688
Varlilumab+IMA950 vaccine+Poly ICLC (Hiltonol)	Fully human IgG1 CD27 agonistic mAb+multipeptide vaccine containing 11 tumour-associated peptides	Glioma, malignant glioma, astrocytoma grade II, oligodendroglioma, astrocytic oligoastrocytoma	Phase I, recruiting	Celldex Therapeutics	NCT02924038
Anti-hCD70 CAR	Anti-hCD70 CAR transduced PBL targeting CD70	Pancreatic cancer, RCC, breast cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer	Phase I/II, recruiting	NCI	NCT02830724
4SCAR70	Fourth-generation CAR-T cell targeting CD70	B-cell malignancies	Phase I/II, recruiting	Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute	NCT03125577
Varlilumab+nivolumab	Fully human IgG1 CD27 agonistic mAb+fully human IgG4 mAb targeting PD-1	B-cell lymphoma	Phase II, recruiting	NCI	NCT03038672
Varlilumab+DC vaccinations+standard of care RT and TMZ	Fully human IgG1 CD27 agonistic mAb+human pp65 CMV DCs+radiotherapy+alkylating agent	Glioblastoma	Phase II, suspended (reason: pending new testing requirements from the FDA)	Celldex Therapeutics	NCT03688178
Varlilumab+rituximab	Fully human IgG1 CD27 agonistic mAb+mAb targeting CD20	B-cell lymphoma	Phase IIa, recruiting	University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust+Celldex Therapeutics	NCT03307746
Varlilumab+vaccination with 6MHP	Fully human IgG1 CD27 agonistic mAb+6 melanoma helper vaccine composed of 6 class II MHC-restricted helper peptides	Stage II–IV melanoma	Phase I/II, recruiting	Craig L Slingluff Jr+Celldex Therapeutics	NCT03617328
Cusatuzumab+azacitidine	Glycoengineered CD70 blocking mAb+antimetabolite/demethylating agent	AML	Phase I+II, recruiting	Janssen Research & Development, LLV+Argenx BVBA	NCT04023526/ NCT04150887

AML, acute myeloid leukaemia; CAR-T cell, chimeric antigen receptor gene-modified T cell; CD27, cluster of differentiation 27; CD70, cluster of differentiation 70; DC, dentritic cell; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; mAb, monoclonal antibody; 6MHP, 6 melanoma helper vaccine comprised of 6 class II MHC-restricted helper peptides; NCI, National Cancer Institute; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes; PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; poly-ICLC, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilised with polylysine and carboxymethyl cellulose; RT, radiotherapy; TMZ, temozolomide.