Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study subjects according to diet group
| SAT | UNSAT | CARB | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group size | 14 | 12 | 12 |
| Age (years) | 48 ± 8 | 52 ± 10 | 45 ± 10 |
| Sex | |||
| Women | 8 | 7 | 6 |
| Men | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30 ± 6 | 31 ± 6 | 33 ± 6 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 58.6 ± 9.7 | 60.2 ± 13.3 | 61.9 ± 12.3 |
| Liver fat by 1H-MRS (%) | 4.9 ± 6.6 | 4.8 ± 4.9 | 4.3 ± 4.7 |
| Adipose tissue by MRI (cm3) | |||
| Visceral | 1,940 ± 1,605 | 2,019 ± 1,328 | 2,014 ± 1,217 |
| Subcutaneous | 4,770 ± 2,152 | 4,732 ± 2,350 | 5,133 ± 2,154 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97 ± 17 | 98 ± 13 | 102 ± 12 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.90 ± 0.10 | 0.90 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 0.06 |
| LBP-to-sCD14 ratio | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 1.6 |
| fP-Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 0.7 |
| Impaired fasting glucose (>5.6 mmol/L) | 8 | 6 | 8 |
| fS-Insulin (mU/L) | 8.1 (5.8–11.9) | 9.1 (6.5–14.6) | 10.3 (6.2–19.2) |
| HOMA-IR | 1.9 (1.3–3.2) | 2.3 (1.6–4.0) | 2.8 (1.7–5.0) |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Systolic | 133 ± 15 | 134 ± 17 | 139 ± 20 |
| Diastolic | 80 ± 11 | 83 ± 7 | 85 ± 13 |
| fP-TGs (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.6 |
| fP-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.62 ± 0.39 | 1.61 ± 0.47 | 1.53 ± 0.37 |
| fP-LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.8 |
| fS-FFA (μmol/L) | 556 ± 217 | 610 ± 181 | 639 ± 225 |
| fP-Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 11.0 ± 4.3 | 10.5 ± 5.7 | 10.3 ± 5.8 |
| fP-Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 28 ± 15 | 26 ± 9 | 24 ± 11 |
| fP-Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 26 ± 5 | 27 ± 7 | 26 ± 6 |
| PNPLA3 genotype at rs738409 | |||
| CC | 9 | 7 | 5 |
| CG | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| GG | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Data are n, mean ± SD, or median (25th–75th percentile), as appropriate. There were no significant differences in any variable between the groups using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Fisher exact test, as appropriate. fP, fasting plasma; fS, fasting serum.