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. 2020 Mar 13;11:320. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00320

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Copyright © 2020 Lv, Chen and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The mechanism and effect of apelin/APJ system on pain, anxiety, depression, memory, stroke, and brain injury. 5TH, 5-hydroxytryptamine; AKT, protein kinase B; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; Bcl2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, bcl-2 associated x protein; CK2, casein kinase 2; ERK, extracellular signal-related kinase; ERS/UPR, endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response; GABAA, γ-aminobutyric acid, type A; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal; IL-1β, Interleukin-1β; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; NF-κB, nuclear transcription factor-κB; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SIRT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α. Green arrow denotes stimulation. Red arrow denotes suppression.