(A) PBMCs freshly isolated from human blood were treated with indicated concentration of BNBC for 6 h and followed by detection of cytokine mRNAs by qRT-PCR. The levels of cytokine mRNA were expressed as fold of induction (mean ± standard deviation, n=4). (B) PBMCs freshly isolated from human blood of additional three healthy donors were treated with 15 μM of 2’3’-cGAMP, 60 μM of BNBC or G10 for 6 h. The mRNAs of IFN-β, IL-28A, IL-29 and TNFα were detected by qRT-PCR and expressed as fold of induction (mean ± standard deviation, n=3). * indicates p<0.05 compared to mock treated control.