Table 2.
Treatment characteristics of included studies.
| Study | β-blockers | ACEIs/ARBs | ARAs | Diuretics | Digoxin | Anti-platelets | Statins | Testosterone regimen | Control | TT at baseline | TT at end point | Follow-up duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | % | % | % | % | nmol/L | nmol/L | months | |||
| Pugh et al. (14) | 35 | 100 | 20 | 80 | 40 | 95 | 90 | 100 mg i.m. every 2 weeks | P | T: 15.8 C: 13.9 | T: 36.6 C: 12.2 | 3 |
| Malkin et al. (15) | 44.7 | 100 | NR | 73.7 | 46.1 | NR | NR | 5 mg skin patch every 24 h | P | T: 13.9 C: 12.1 | T: 19.5 C: 12.6 | 12 |
| Caminiti et al. (16) | 87.1 | 92 | 41 | 47.1 | 33 | 61.4 | 78.6 | 1,000 mg i.m. every 6 weeks | P | T: 8.0 C: 7.3 | T: 18.0 C: 8.0 | 3 |
| Iellamo et al. (17) | 81.3 | 91 | 60 | 78 | 32 | 100 | 78.1 | 300 μg transdermal patch 2 times a week | P | T: 1.4 C: 1.4 | T: 3.5 C: 1.0 | 6 |
| Stout et al. (18) | 78.6 | 92.9 | 14.3 | 46.4 | 7.1 | 57.1 | 78.6 | 100 mg i.m. every 2 weeks | P | T: 10.4 C: 11.2 | NR | 3 |
| Mirdamadi et al. (19) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 250 mg i.m. every 4 weeks | P | NR | NR | 3 |
| Dos Santos et al. (20) | 100 | 77.8 | 63 | 77.8 | 40.7 | NR | NR | 1,000 mg i.m. 1–2 times | No treatment | T: 7.7 C: 8.6 | T: 17.2 C: 14.9 | 4 |
| Navarro-Penalver et al. (21) | 96.6 | 100 | 86.2 | 100 | 27.6 | NR | NR | 1,000 mg im q3m | P | T: 7.6 C: 8.9 | T: 18.4 C: 10.9 | 12 |
ACEIs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ARAs, aldosterone receptor antagonist; NR, not reported; i.m., intramuscularly; TT, total testosterone; T, treatment group with testosterone; C, control group.