Table 1.
Demographic Data of Participants
| Characteristics | Gender | Total (N = 375) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female (n = 212) | Male (n = 163) | ||
| Age, yrs. (mean ± SD) | 54.62 ± 12.48 | 56.40 ± 13.31 | 55.4 ± 12.9 |
| Education | |||
| Illiterate | 80 (37.7) | 17 (10.4) | 97 (25.9) |
| Read and write | 5 (2.3) | 15 (9.2) | 20 (5.3) |
| Primary | 85 (40) | 72 (44.7) | 157 (41.9) |
| Diploma | 29 (13.6) | 33 (20.2) | 62 (16.5) |
| University | 16 (7.5) | 23 (14.1) | 39 (10.4) |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 200 (94.3) | 143 (87.7) | 30 (8) |
| Married | 10 (4.7) | 20 (8) | 343 (91.4) |
| Divorced | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) |
| Widowed | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) |
| Occupation | |||
| Civil servant | 9 (4.2) | 16 (9.8) | 25 (6.7) |
| Self-employed/business | 5 (2.3) | 37 (22.6) | 42 (11.2) |
| House wife | 166 (78.3) | 0 (0) | 166 (44.3) |
| Student | 7 (3.3) | 6 (3.6) | 13 (3.5) |
| Farmer | 17 (8) | 33 (20.2) | 50 (13.3) |
| Retired | 8 (3.7) | 71 (43.5) | 79 (21.1) |
| Place of residence | |||
| Urban | 135 (63.7) | 98 (60.1) | 233 (62.1) |
| Rural | 77 (36.3) | 65 (39.9) | 142 (37.9) |
| Duration of diabetes (yrs.) | |||
| < 10 | 116 (54.7) | 87 (53.4) | 203 (54.1) |
| > =10 | 96 (45.3) | 76 (46.6) | 172 (45.8) |
| Diabetic foot ulcer | |||
| Yes | 36 (17) | 51 (31.3) | 87 (23.2) |
| No | 176 (83) | 112 (68.7) | 288 (76.8) |
| History of amputation | |||
| Yes | 23 (10.8) | 37 (22.7) | 60 (16) |
| No | 189 (89.2) | 126 (77.3) | 315 (84) |
| History of hospitalization | |||
| Yes | 31 (14.6) | 45 (27.6) | 76 (20.2) |
| No | 181 (85.4) | 118 (72.4) | 299 (79.7) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| Underweight | 3 (1.4) | 4 (2.5) | 7 (1.9) |
| Healthy weight | 51 (22.1) | 62 (38) | 113 (30.1) |
| Overweight | 92 (43.5) | 80 (49.1) | 172 (45.9) |
| Obesity | 66 (31.1) | 17 (10.4) | 83 (22.1) |
| Complications(> = 2) | |||
| Yes | 10 (4.71) | 30 (18.4) | 40 (10.6) |
| No | 202 (95.2) | 133 (81.5) | 335 (89.3) |
| Family history of diabetes | |||
| Yes | 20 (14.8) | 40 (24.5) | 60 (16) |
| No | 192 (90.5) | 123 (75.4) | 315 (84) |
| Current smoker | |||
| Yes | 15 (7.07) | 89 (54.6) | 104 (27.7) |
| No | 197 (92.9) | 74 (45.3) | 271 (72.2) |