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. 2020 Mar 13;11:195. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00195

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Copyright © 2020 Chen, Cai, Dong, Zhao, Lin, Hu, Liu, Liu and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Clonal evolution of CCA and its influence on biological interaction network. (A) Mutation clusters identified by Sclust in 4 of 9 included CCA patients. Additional cluster(s) other than cluster 0 were subclonal mutation clusters. Patient identifiers were provided above each plot. (B) Clustering of included tissue sample using known immune signatures. (C) Go term enrichment results in biological pathways for each identified subnetwork. Subnetwork 2–4 indicated subnetwork altered by clonal mutations and subnetwork of subclonal mutation indicated the subnetwork altered by subclonal mutations. Subnetwork 1 only contained two genes and did not show significant enrichment in Gene Ontology of biological pathways.