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. 2020 Mar 13;14:188. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00188

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Copyright © 2020 Zhu, Hafycz, Keenan, Guo, Pack and Naidoo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Homer1a expression is not induced in canonical sleep/wake brain regions following sleep deprivation. Homer1a ISH shown as positive control in small inset for each section. Brain sections illustrating. (A) Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, VLPO, (large inset); (A’) Galanin ISH as a marker for the VLPO; (A”) Homer1a in situ in VLPO; (B) lateral hypothalamus, LHA, (large box); (B’) Orexin immunostain as a marker for the LHA; (B”) Homer1a in situ in enlarged LHA; (C) Tuberomamillary nucleus, TMN, (large box); (C’) Histamine immunostain as a marker for the TMN; (C”) Homer1a in situ in enlarged TMN; (D) Locus coeruleus, LC, (large box); (D’) Tyrosine Hydroxylase immunostain as marker for the LC; (D”) Homer1a in situ in enlarged LC. Bar size A,B,C,D: 1 mm, A”,B”: 250 μm, C”,D”: 100 μm.