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. 2020 Mar 13;14:188. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00188

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Copyright © 2020 Zhu, Hafycz, Keenan, Guo, Pack and Naidoo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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QPCR shows increased homer1a expression in the claustrum (CLA) and piriform cortex (PIR) with sleep deprivation (SD) and c-fos increases in response to SD across all regions. (A) Homer1a qPCR across all brain regions in SC and SD conditions; (B) Homer1a qPCR across all behavioral conditions in claustrum and piriform. Homer1a expression is increased with SD in claustrum (p < 0.001) and piriform cortex (p < 0.0001) SC (sleep control); SD (sleep deprived); RS (recovery sleep); LHA (lateral hypothalamus);PIR (piriform cortex); CLA (claustrum); TMN (Tuberomammillary nucleus); LC (Locus coeruleus). C-fos is increased in response to SD in all regions and is reduced with recovery sleep in the claustrum and piriform. C) qPCR of c-Fos shows increased c-Fos in response to SD in all regions tested (p < 0.001); D) c-Fos qPCR across sleep deprivation (SD), 3 h sleep control (SC), 6 h diurnal sleep control (SC6h), and recovery sleep (RS) in young mice, (p < 0.001). See also Supplementary Figure S1 and Supplementary Tables S2–S4.