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. 2020 Mar 13;8:153. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00153

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Copyright © 2020 Ma, Li, Tian, Zeng, Zhang, Mo, Qin, Sun, Zhang, Zhang and Lin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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RND3 is upregulated in first-trimester placental CTB in patients with RM. (A,B,D) RND3 expression in first-trimester human villi tissues from patients with RM or HC was determined using qRT-PCR (n = 11) and western blot analysis (n = 6). (C,E) Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded villous tissues showed that RND3 expression was increased in patients with RM compared with that in HC (n = 18). Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Histogram showing the relative expression level of RND3 protein in HTR-8 cells as determined using ImageJ software. (E) The staining intensity of RND3 in both CTB and STB in paraffin-embedded villous tissues was quantified using Image-Pro Plus 6.0. CTB, cytotrophoblast; STB, syncytiotrophoblast. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 vs. HC.