Skip to main content
. 2020 Mar 20;15(3):e0230268. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230268

Table 5. Multivariable analysis for the identification of factors associated with spinal radiographic progression in axSpA (model including additional variables).

A. Progression defined as ≥2 mSASSS units in 2 years B. Progression defined as ≥1 new syndesmophyte in 2 years
Variable OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
Classification as nr-axSpA vs. r-axSpA 0.10 0.01; 0.70 0.21 0.05; 0.87
ASDAS 1.43 1.04; 1.97 1.32 0.96; 1.181
Male sex 5.54 2.22; 13.8 3.76 1.67; 8.47
TNFi use prior to radiographic interval 0.83 0.44; 1.57 0.68 0.36; 1.31
Length of radiographic interval 1.27 0.56; 2.88 1.71 0.74; 3.95
Disease duration (5 years) 1.31 1.13; 1.52 1.24 1.07; 1.43
Current smoking 0.90 0.49; 1.66 0.56 0.30; 1.06
HLA-B27 positivity 0.60 0.27; 1.32 0.81 0.36; 1.82
Number of exercise sessions per week 1.02 0.89; 1.17 0.86 0.74; 1.01
Peripheral arthritis 0.66 0.34; 1.28 0.58 0.30; 1.12
NSAIDs use at start of radiographic interval 0.85 0.40; 1.82 0.93 0.42; 2.06
BMI 25–30 (Ref. BMI<25) 1.49 0.82; 2.70 0.90 0.49; 1.65
BMI>30 (Ref. BMI<25) 1.38 0.60; 3.22 1.16 0.50; 2.73

Analysis performed in 447 radiographic intervals from 332 patients. ASDAS = Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; BMI = Body Mass Index; CI = confidence interval; HLA-B27 = human leucocyte antigen B27; mSASSS = modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score; nr-axSpA = nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis; NSAID = Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR = odds ratio; r-axSpA = radiographic axial spondyloarthritis; TNFi = Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor.