Table 5. Multivariable analysis for the identification of factors associated with spinal radiographic progression in axSpA (model including additional variables).
A. Progression defined as ≥2 mSASSS units in 2 years | B. Progression defined as ≥1 new syndesmophyte in 2 years | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
Classification as nr-axSpA vs. r-axSpA | 0.10 | 0.01; 0.70 | 0.21 | 0.05; 0.87 |
ASDAS | 1.43 | 1.04; 1.97 | 1.32 | 0.96; 1.181 |
Male sex | 5.54 | 2.22; 13.8 | 3.76 | 1.67; 8.47 |
TNFi use prior to radiographic interval | 0.83 | 0.44; 1.57 | 0.68 | 0.36; 1.31 |
Length of radiographic interval | 1.27 | 0.56; 2.88 | 1.71 | 0.74; 3.95 |
Disease duration (5 years) | 1.31 | 1.13; 1.52 | 1.24 | 1.07; 1.43 |
Current smoking | 0.90 | 0.49; 1.66 | 0.56 | 0.30; 1.06 |
HLA-B27 positivity | 0.60 | 0.27; 1.32 | 0.81 | 0.36; 1.82 |
Number of exercise sessions per week | 1.02 | 0.89; 1.17 | 0.86 | 0.74; 1.01 |
Peripheral arthritis | 0.66 | 0.34; 1.28 | 0.58 | 0.30; 1.12 |
NSAIDs use at start of radiographic interval | 0.85 | 0.40; 1.82 | 0.93 | 0.42; 2.06 |
BMI 25–30 (Ref. BMI<25) | 1.49 | 0.82; 2.70 | 0.90 | 0.49; 1.65 |
BMI>30 (Ref. BMI<25) | 1.38 | 0.60; 3.22 | 1.16 | 0.50; 2.73 |
Analysis performed in 447 radiographic intervals from 332 patients. ASDAS = Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; BMI = Body Mass Index; CI = confidence interval; HLA-B27 = human leucocyte antigen B27; mSASSS = modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score; nr-axSpA = nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis; NSAID = Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR = odds ratio; r-axSpA = radiographic axial spondyloarthritis; TNFi = Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor.