Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics in subgroups of sarcopenia
| Variable | Without sarcopenia (n = 102) | All indexes (n = 8) | Sarcopenic (n = 27) | Sarcopenic obesity (n = 31) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56 (50–61) | 63 (56–68)* | 61 (57–63)* | 59 (55–63)* |
| Weight (kg) | 74.5 ± 10.5 | 56.3 ± 9.6*,† | 58.4 ± 7.8*,† | 76.8 ± 14.5 |
| Height (m) | 1.68 ± 0.06 | 1.59 ± 0.05* , ‡ | 1.67 ± 0.06† | 1.62 ± 0.07* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 3.0 | 22.3 ± 3.1* , † | 20.9 ± 2.3* , † | 29.1 ± 4.4* |
| Aetiology (ischaemic/non‐ischaemic) | 26/76 | 2/6 | 6/21 | 14/17 |
| Aetiology (Chagas/no Chagas) | 26/76 | 1/7 | 8/19 | 5/26 |
| NYHA class (I/II/III/IV) | (39/31/24/8) | 1/3/4/0 | 8/11/7/1 | 6/12/11/2 |
| LVEF (%) | 27 (22–33) | (25) (21–37) | 25 (20–31) | 28 (21–33) |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 363 (123–993) | 986 (299–2073)† | 647 (207–1635)† | 201 (99–784) |
| hs‐CRP (mg/L) | 2.4 (0.9–5.9) | 9.2 (3.1–29.2)* | 3.0 (1.2–12.4) | 3.8 (0.9–9.1) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.4 (1.1–2.0)† , ‡ | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 140 (138–141) | 140 (138–142) | 139 (137–141) | 140 (138–142) |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.5 (4.3–4.7) | 4.5 (4.2–4.9) | 4.6 (4.2–4.7) | 4.7 (4.4–4.9) |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.0 ± 1.8 | 13.2 ± 1.2 | 13.8 ± 1.5 | 14.3 ± 1.5 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 104 (95–114) | 97 (91–110)* , † | 98 (88–108)* , † | 114 (102–130)* |
| Functional capacity and strength | ||||
| Peak VO2 (L/min) | 1.41 (1.01–1.81) | 0.96 (0.90–1.06)* , † | 0.98 (0.85–1.31)* , † | 1.25 (1.09–1.73) |
| Peak VO2 (mL/min/kg) | 19.3 (13.9–24.7) | 16.0 (14.7–17.5) | 17.0 (14.3–23.9) | 16.6 (14.1–22.0) |
| VE/VCO2 slope | 34 (29–39) | 33 (26–36) | 36 (32–40) | 36 (31–44) |
| Peak workload (W) | 110 (70–150) | 70 (38–88)* | 70 (60–90)* | 90 (55–115)* |
| Time (s) | 556 (475–664) | 590 (469–783) | 510 (379–569)* , † | 572 (509–663) |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 34.6 ± 7.6 | 25.4 ± 5.5*,(†) | 29.6 ± 6.8* | 33.2 ± 6.1 |
BMI, body mass index; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; VE/VCO2, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide; VO2, oxygen consumption.
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (with lower and upper quartiles). Symbols in brackets denote a trend with P < 0.10.
*
P < 0.05 (vs. without sarcopenia).
†
P < 0.05 (vs. sarcopenic obesity).
‡
P < 0.05 (vs. sarcopenic).