Table 2.
Pre‐admission and discharge medications of the Gulf CARE cohort stratified by diabetes mellitus (DM) (N = 4577)
| Medication, n (%) | All (N = 4577) | DM | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 2319) | Yes (n = 2258) | |||
| Pre‐admission | ||||
| Diuretics | 2643 (58%) | 1175 (51%) | 1468 (65%) | <0.001 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 784 (17%) | 406 (18%) | 378 (17%) | 0.491 |
| Digoxin | 798 (17%) | 461 (20%) | 337 (15%) | <0.001 |
| Nitrates | 1208 (26%) | 425 (18%) | 783 (35%) | <0.001 |
| CCB | 589 (13%) | 158 (6.8%) | 431 (19%) | <0.001 |
| Hydralazine | 201 (4.4%) | 43 (1.9%) | 158 (7.0%) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 2863 (63%) | 1167 (50%) | 1696 (75%) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 883 (19%) | 281 (12%) | 602 (27%) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 2,350 (51%) | 789 (34%) | 1561 (69%) | <0.001 |
| Oral anticoagulant | 571 (12%) | 312 (13%) | 259 (11%) | 0.042 |
| Ivabradine | 108 (2.4%) | 32 (1.4%) | 76 (3.4%) | <0.001 |
| Anti‐arrhythmic | 117 (2.6%) | 50 (2.2%) | 67 (3.0%) | 0.082 |
| Beta blocker | 2061 (45%) | 859 (37%) | 1202 (53%) | <0.001 |
| ACEI | 1993 (44%) | 978 (42%) | 1015 (45%) | 0.058 |
| ARB | 589 (13%) | 184 (7.9%) | 405 (18%) | <0.001 |
| UFH/LMWH | 210 (4.6%) | 86 (3.7%) | 124 (5.5%) | 0.004 |
| At dischargea | ||||
| Diuretics | 3970 (94%) | 2000 (93%) | 1970 (95%) | 0.073 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 1885 (45%) | 1141 (53%) | 744 (36%) | <0.001 |
| Digoxin | 1109 (26%) | 701 (33%) | 408 (20%) | <0.001 |
| Nitrates | 1619 (38%) | 604 (28%) | 1015 (49%) | <0.001 |
| CCB | 637 (15%) | 185 (8.6%) | 451 (22%) | <0.001 |
| Hydralazine | 309 (7.3%) | 86 (4.0%) | 223 (11%) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 3454 (82%) | 1628 (76%) | 1826 (88%) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 1608 (38%) | 657 (31%) | 951 (46%) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 3064 (73%) | 1271 (59%) | 1793 (86%) | <0.001 |
| Oral anticoagulant | 816 (19%) | 479 (22%) | 337 (16%) | <0.001 |
| Ivabradine | 223 (5.3%) | 78 (3.6%) | 145 (7.0%) | <0.001 |
| Anti‐arrhythmic | 207 (4.9%) | 100 (4.7%) | 107 (5.2%) | 0.476 |
| Beta blocker | 3067 (73%) | 1586 (74%) | 1481 (71%) | 0.036 |
| ACEI | 2606 (62%) | 1418 (66%) | 1188 (57%) | <0.001 |
| ARB | 720 (17%) | 319 (15%) | 401 (19%) | <0.001 |
| UFH/LMWH | 153 (3.6%) | 58 (2.7%) | 95 (4.6%) | 0.001 |
Analyses were performed using Pearson's χ2 test.
CCB, calcium channel blocker; ACEI, angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; UFH, unfractionated heparin; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin.
a
Medications at discharge excluded those that died (n = 236; 5.16%) as well as those that left against medical advice (n = 122; 2.67%) (LAMA) (N = 4219).