Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| All | PVR < 300 dyn·s·cm−5 (<3.75 WU) | PVR ≥ 300 dyn·s·cm−5 (≥3.75 WU) | Difference | 95% CI | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 561) | (n = 467) | (n = 94) | ||||
| Recipient data | ||||||
| PVR (dyn·s·cm−5), mean ± SD | 209.3 ± 103.0 | 171.8 ± 59.3 | 395.8 ± 65.0 | 224.0 | 209.7 to 238.4 | <0.01 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 52.1 ± 10.3 | 51.8 ± 10.1 | 53.6 ± 11.0 | 1.8 | −0.6 to 4.2 | 0.15 |
| Age (>60 years), n (%) | 117 (20.9%) | 91 (19.5%) | 26 (27.7%) | 8.2 | −1.5 to 17.9 | 0.08 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 436 (77.7%) | 362 (77.5%) | 74 (78.7%) | 1.2 | −7.9 to 10.3 | 0.80 |
| Body mass index (kg·m−2), mean ± SD 24.8 ± 3.9 | 24.9 ± 3.9 | 24.5 ± 4.1 | 0.4 | −0.5 to 1.3 | 0.38 | |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 233 (41.5%) | 187 (40.0%) | 46 (48.9%) | 8.9 | −2.1 to 19.9 | 0.11 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 309 (55.1%) | 257 (55.0%) | 52 (55.3%) | 0.3 | −10.7 to 11.3 | 0.96 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 361 (64.3%) | 301 (64.5%) | 60 (63.8%) | 0.7 | −9.9 to 11.3 | 0.91 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 192 (34.2%) | 157 (33.6%) | 35 (37.2%) | 3.6 | −7.1 to 14.3 | 0.50 |
| Renal insufficiencya, n (%) | 327 (58.3%) | 274 (58.7%) | 53 (56.4%) | 2.3 | −8.7 to 13.3 | 0.68 |
| eGFR (mL·min−1·1.73 m−2), mean ± SD | 59.6 ± 20.8 | 59.7 ± 20.4 | 59.3 ± 22.6 | 0.4 | −4.6 to 5.4 | 0.87 |
| Previous open‐heart surgery | ||||||
| Overall open‐heart surgery, n (%) | 136 (24.2%) | 106 (22.7%) | 30 (31.9%) | 9.2 | −1.0 to 19.4 | 0.06 |
| CABG surgery, n (%) | 75 (13.4%) | 58 (12.4%) | 17 (18.1%) | 5.7 | −2.6 to 14.0 | 0.14 |
| Congenital, valvular, or | 67 (11.9%) | 52 (11.1%) | 15 (16.0%) | 4.9 | −3.1 to 12.9 | 0.19 |
| ventricular surgery, n (%) | ||||||
| Principal diagnosis for HTX | ||||||
| Ischaemic CMP, n (%) | 191 (34.0%) | 153 (32.8%) | 38 (40.5%) | 7.7 | −3.1 to 18.5 | 0.15 |
| Non‐ischaemic CMP, n (%) | 292 (52.1%) | 248 (53.1%) | 44 (46.8%) | 6.3 | −4.8 to 17.4 | 0.26 |
| Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 34 (6.1%) | 27 (5.8%) | 7 (7.4%) | 1.6 | −4.1 to 7.3 | 0.54 |
| Cardiac amyloidosis, n (%) | 44 (7.8%) | 39 (8.3%) | 5 (5.3%) | 3.0 | −2.2 to 8.2 | 0.32 |
| Donor data | ||||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 40.4 ± 13.3 | 39.7 ± 13.4 | 43.9 ± 12.5 | 4.2 | 1.4 to 7.0 | <0.01 |
| Age (>40 years), n (%) | 315 (56.1%) | 249 (53.3%) | 66 (70.2%) | 16.9 | 6.6 to 27.2 | <0.01 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 243 (43.3%) | 207 (44.3%) | 36 (38.3%) | 6.0 | −4.8 to 16.8 | 0.28 |
| Body mass index (kg·m−2), mean ± SD 24.6 ± 4.0 | 24.7 ± 3.9 | 24.1 ± 4.3 | 0.6 | −0.3 to 1.5 | 0.19 | |
| Transplant sex mismatch | ||||||
| Mismatch, n (%) | 246 (43.8%) | 200 (42.8%) | 46 (49.0%) | 6.2 | −4.9 to 17.3 | 0.28 |
| Donor (m) to recipient (f), n (%) | 26 (4.6%) | 22 (4.7%) | 4 (4.3%) | 0.4 | −4.1 to 4.9 | 0.85 |
| Donor (f) to recipient (m), n (%) | 220 (39.2%) | 178 (38.1%) | 42 (44.7%) | 6.6 | −4.4 to 17.6 | 0.23 |
| Perioperative data | ||||||
| Ischaemic time (min), mean ± SD | 215.4 ± 66.4 | 215.3 ± 65.8 | 216.1 ± 69.6 | 0.8 | −14.7 to 16.3 | 0.91 |
| Ischaemic time ≥240 min, n (%) | 203 (36.2%) | 168 (36.0%) | 35 (37.2%) | 1.2 | −9.5 to 11.9 | 0.82 |
| Biatrial HTX, n (%) | 163 (29.0%) | 138 (29.5%) | 25 (26.6%) | 2.9 | −6.9 to 12.7 | 0.56 |
| Bicaval HTX, n (%) | 144 (25.7%) | 119 (25.5%) | 25 (26.6%) | 1.1 | −8.7 to 10.9 | 0.82 |
| Total orthotopic HTX, n (%) | 254 (45.3%) | 210 (45.0%) | 44 (46.8%) | 1.8 | −9.2 to 12.8 | 0.74 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CI, confidence interval; CMP, cardiomyopathy; dyn, g·cm·s−2; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; f, female; HTX, heart transplantation; m, male; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; SD, standard deviation; VAD, ventricular assist device; WU, Wood unit (≙ 80 dyn·s·cm−5).
a
eGFR < 60 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2.