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. 2020 Jan 9;7(1):25–35. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12567

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© 2020 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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The temporal trends in pharmacological and device management of outpatients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in Europe. ACE‐I, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; BB, beta‐blockers; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ESC‐HF‐LT, European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.