Table 3:
End-of-life care delivered to people of South Asian ethnicity compared with that delivered to others from the general population in Ontario, Canada, between 2004 and 2015
| Characteristic | No. (%) of decedents | Unadjusted absolute difference, % (95% CI) | Adjusted relative risk (95% CI)* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General population n = 936 974 |
South Asian ethnicity n = 11 406 |
|||
| Location of death | ||||
| ICU | 95 100 (10.1) | 2105 (18.5) | 8.3 (7.6 to 9.0) | 1.25 (1.20 to 1.30) |
| Hospital | 323 279 (34.5) | 4089 (35.8) | 1.3 (0.5 to 2.2) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06) |
| Long-term care | 75 058 (8.0) | 602 (5.3) | −2.7 (−3.1 to −2.3) | 0.69 (0.64 to 0.75) |
| Home | 381 545 (40.7) | 3511 (30.8) | −9.9 (−10.8 to −9.1) | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.90) |
| Other† | 61 992 (6.6) | 1099 (9.6) | 3.0 (2.5 to 3.6) | 1.21 (1.14 to 1.28) |
| Interventions received in final 6 months of life | ||||
| Hospital admission | 638 684 (68.2) | 8224 (72.1) | 3.9 (3.1 to 4.8) | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.04) |
| ICU admission | 181 002 (19.3) | 3388 (29.7) | 10.4 (9.5 to 11.2) | 1.21 (1.17 to 1.24) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 129 205 (13.8) | 2960 (26.0) | 12.2 (11.4 to 13.0) | 1.27 (1.23 to 1.31) |
| Dialysis | 32 596 (3.5) | 842 (7.4) | 3.9 (3.4 to 4.4) | 1.46 (1.36 to 1.57) |
| Percutaneous feeding tube | 28 366 (3.0) | 761 (6.7) | 3.6 (3.2 to 4.1) | 1.48 (1.37 to 1.59) |
| Tracheostomy | 10 465 (1.1) | 316 (2.8) | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.0) | 1.38 (1.22 to 1.56) |
| CPR | 23 459 (2.5) | 750 (6.6) | 4.1 (3.6 to 4.5) | 1.45 (1.34 to 1.56) |
| Palliative care | 279 619 (29.8) | 3155 (27.7) | −2.2 (−3.0 to −1.4) | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.97) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ICU = intensive care unit.
*
Calculated from a modified Poisson regression model with generalized estimating equations. The model adjusted for age, sex, category of cause of death, immigration status, urbanization of address and income quintile.
†
Other locations of death include complex continuing care and hospice.