Figure 11.

Intervertebral system – cranial muscles. Top: schematic diagram (based on Gyps fulvus) visualizing the muscle topology (the relevant muscles are highlighted in color). The Mm. interspinales in dorsal view (A) Gyps fulvus and (B) Aegypius monachus. The muscles originate cranially from the neural spines of three cervical vertebrae (CV3−CV5) in G. fulvus and two cervical vertebrae (CV3−CV4) in A. monachus. They insert caudally into the neural spines of the respective precedent cervical vertebrae. Scale bar: 1 cm