Figure 15.

Musculoskeletal system of the head and neck in vultures. Diagram summarizing the musculature of the head−neck system of (A−F) Gyps fulvus and (G−L) Aegypius monachus. The muscles are shown as solid lines, whereas tendons are given as dashed lines. The pointed lines indicate the aponeurosis of the notarium. Note that the M. longus colli dorsalis, pars profunda and the smaller intervertebral muscles are displayed in a simplified manner with only some representative muscle slips. Bottom: detailed view of the skull and representative cervical vertebrae showing the areas of origin and insertion of the neck muscles. The muscles are labeled in color, the ligament in gray (dashed lines) and the bone structures are labeled in black. The color coding indicates the different muscles and corresponds to the colors used in all previous figures