Table 1.
Ingredients (g/kg DM) of the basal diets (free of supplementary Mn, Zn and Cu) fed to the cows before or after calving.
| Item | Feeding phase1 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Far-off | Close-up | Fresh | Lactation | |
| Alfalfa | 164.1 | 275.2 | 191.2 | 180.5 |
| Wheat straw | 305.3 | – | – | 6.70 |
| Corn silage | 297.7 | 283.3 | 200.7 | 193.5 |
| Barley grain | – | 155.7 | 107.2 | 83.1 |
| Corn grain | 126.7 | 122.0 | 173.6 | 163.7 |
| Wheat bran | 22.7 | – | – | 42.9 |
| Sugar beet pulp | – | – | 66.7 | 81.3 |
| Soybean meal | 71.5 | 49.5 | 124.9 | 94.3 |
| Canola meal | – | 59.1 | 21.8 | – |
| Cottonseed meal | – | – | – | 54.6 |
| Full-fat soybean | – | 8.90 | 44.3 | 31.4 |
| Fish meal | – | 9.70 | 28.1 | 17.2 |
| Fat | – | – | 13.5 | 11.4 |
| NaHCO3 | – | – | 10.7 | 12.0 |
| NaCl | – | 1.0 | 1.70 | 5.10 |
| CaHPO4 | 1.80 | 0.50 | – | 2.0 |
| CaCO3 | – | 2.90 | 1.70 | 6.30 |
| MgO | 0.20 | 2.50 | 0.90 | 1.0 |
| CaSO4 | – | 5.90 | – | – |
| MgCl2 | – | 4.90 | – | – |
| CaCl2 | – | 5.90 | – | – |
| Vitamin premix2 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Mineral premix3 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
1
Far-off: d 60 to 22 prepartum; close-up: d 21 to 1 prepartum; fresh: d 1 to 21 postpartum; lactation: d 22 to 100 postpartum.
2
Per kilograme of vitamin premix contained 3,000,000 IU of vitamin A, 700,000 IU of vitamin D3 and 10,000 IU of vitamin E.
3
Mineral premix compositions were shown in Table 2.