Table 1.

Composition of common cell culture media and human blood.

Compound	RPMI1640a	DMEMb	Hams F12c	Adult bloodd
Glycine	0.133	0.40	0.1	0.25 ± 0.06
l-Alanine	0	0	0.1	0.2–0.6
l-Argininef	1.15	0.4	1.0	0.11 ± 0.03
l-Asparagine	0.379	0	0.1	0.04 ± 0.02
l-Aspartic acid	0.150	0	0.01	0.02 ± 0.01
l-Cystine	0.208	0.2	0	0.1 ± 0.03
l-Cysteine	0	0	0.2	0.03–0.3
l-Glutamic Acid	0.136	0	0.1	0.05–0.15
l-Glutamine	2.05	4	1	0.6 ± 0.1
l-Histidinee	0.0968	0.2	0.074	0.09 ± 0.01
l-Hydroxyproline	0.153	0	0	0.015 ± 0.01
l-Isoleucinee	0.382	0.8	0.03	0.07 ± 0.01
l-Leucinee	0.382	0.8	0.1	0.16 ± 0.03
l-Lysinee	0.274	0.8	0.2	0.18 ± 0.03
l-Methioninee	0.101	0.2	0.032	0.03 ± 0.06
l-Phenylalaninee	0.0909	0.4	0.03	0.06 ± 0.02
l-Proline	0.174	0	0.03	0.18 ± 0.05
l-Serine	0.286	0.4	0.1	0.15 ± 0.03
l-Threoninee	0.168	0.8	0.1	0.13 ± 0.03
l-Tryptophane	0.0245	0.078	0.01	0.055 ± 0.03
l-Tyrosinef	0.111	0.4	0.03	0.07 ± 0.04
l-Valinee	0.171	0.8	0.1	0.2 ± 0.06
d Glucose	11.1	25	10	4 (3–6)
d-Fructose	0	0	0	0.03–0.06g
d-Galactose	0	0	0	0.03–0.12
l-lactate	0	0	0	1–2
pyruvate	0/0.1	0/	0.1	0.02–0.25
Acetate	0	0	0	0.04 ± 0.02
3-OHbutyrate	0	0	0	0.04 ± 0.03
GSH	0.00326	0	0	0.001–1
HCO3-	23.81	44	14	25

% arginine can be synthesized, but generally not at a sufficient rate.

^aInvitrogen.

^bThermo-Fisher 11965.

^cSigma Aldrich.

^dFasted normal human adult blood.⁵⁵

^eEssential amino acid.

^fTyrosine is contingent on its direct precursor, Phe.

^gMuch higher after meals containing high fructose corn syrup.