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. 2020 Mar 20;22(5):28. doi: 10.1007/s11886-020-01278-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Inflammation is driven by Th-1 cells in the early phase, with M1 macrophages playing an important role. Late response is characterized by M2 macrophages and Th17 response. IL-17 is a key cytokine in progression to dilated cardiomyopathy. BM = bone marrow, DC = dendritic cells, GM-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, IFN = interferon, IL = interleukin, M-CSF = macrophage colony-stimulating factor, NK = natural killer, Tip-DC = tip-dendritic cell (reproduced from Heymans et al. [19•])