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. 2020 Mar 20;10:5089. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61560-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Patterns of genetic diversity and bottleneck signatures across the geographic range of the Antarctic fur seal. (a) Genetic diversity summarised as allelic richness (A_r); (b) The proportion of loci in heterozygosity excess (prop_het-exc) calculated for the TPM80 model; (c) Estimated bottleneck effective population sizes (N_ebot). Data are summarised according to the five main populations identified by the STRUCTURE analysis (see Results for details). To facilitate visual comparisons among populations with different sample sizes while incorporating sampling error, we plotted 1,000 subsets of ten randomly sampled individuals per population as Sinaplots, with the exception of the sinaplot for N_ebot, which shows parameter values for 5,000 accepted simulations based on 181 individuals per population. Boxplots (centre line = median, bounds of box = 25th and 75th percentiles, upper and lower whiskers = largest and lowest value but no further than 1.5 * inter-quartile range from the hinge) are superimposed with light grey points representing maximum densities. Bottleneck measures for Marion and Crozet Islands should be interpreted with caution due to admixture.