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. 2020 Mar 20;10:5138. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62115-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Assessment of amyloid formation during S. mutans biofilm growth in a microfluidics system. (a) Phase contrast and red fluorescence images following staining of 72 h biofilms of S. mutans wild-type and a triple mutant (Δ3) lacking P1 (encoded by spaP), WapA, and Smu_63c with CDy11. Similar patterns of dye binding to both strains suggests CDy11 reactivity with non-amyloid material. (b) CR-induced birefringence of 72 h biofilms of S. mutans wild-type (left) and the Δ3 triple mutant (right). Insets indicate pixel frequency of the brightest visual locations (red boxes) in each image. In contrast to staining with CDy11, biofilms of the WT and mutant strains could be differentiated on the basis of CR-induced birefringence.