Table 2.

Effect of anserine and glucosamine on the biochemical markers in rheumatoid arthritis induced rat model

Markers	Normal control	Control	Anserine (1 mg/kg)	Glucosamine (200 mg/kg)	Anserine (1 mg/kg) + Glucosamine (200 mg/kg)
SOD (U/ml)	365.2 ± 21.4	133.1 ± 5.2***	197.4 ± 7.5#	213.2 ± 11#	313.4 ± 16###
Catalase (U/ml)	13.2 ± 0.8	3.4 ± 0.18***	5.9 ± 0.2#	6.2 ± 0.3#	10.6 ± 0.5###
Gpx (U/ml)	0.45 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.005***	0.21 ± 0.02#	0.25 ± 0.01#	0.38 ± 0.01###
GSH (nmol/ml)	0.41 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.01***	0.22 ± 0.01#	0.24 ± 0.01#	0.36 ± 0.02###
MDA (nmol/ml)	0.32 ± 0.01	1.7 ± 0.1***	1.1 ± 0.06#	0.9 ± 0.05##	0.51 ± 0.03###
NO (ng/ml)	0.25 ± 0.02	0.97 ± 0.05***	0.73 ± 0.05#	0.62 ± 0.07#	0.44 ± 0.08###
Uric acid (mg/ml)	0.23 ± 0.01	0.69 ± 0.03***	0.52 ± 0.01#	0.54 ± 0.04#	0.35 ± 0.03###
Ceruloplasmin (mg/ml)	0.15 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01***	0.26 ± 0.01#	0.31 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.04##
Copper (µg/ml)	0.13 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.01**	0.23 ± 0.01	0.21 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.03#
Zinc (µg/ml)	0.31 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.01***	0.15 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.02##
MMP-3 (ng/ml)	52.5 ± 3.2	225 ± 15***	171.3 ± 7.1#	156 ± 8#	81 ± 6.4###
PGE2 (pg/ml)	27.1 ± 1.2	95.2 ± 5***	72.2 ± 3.4#	71.4 ± 4.5#	38.3 ± 2###
TNF-α (U/ml)	2.9 ± 0.12	4.9 ± 0.2***	4.1 ± 0.1#	3.9 ± 0.13#	3.2 ± 0.2##
IL-1β (U/ml)	1.5 ± 0.01	3.4 ± 0.2***	2.7 ± 0.05#	2.5 ± 0.12#	1.8 ± 0.05###
IL-6 (U/ml)	2.7 ± 0.12	7.2 ± 0.21***	6.1 ± 0.2#	5.1 ± 0.15#	3.3 ± 0.12##

^***P < 0.001, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.05 and ^###P < 0.05