Fig. 1.

E-cadherin activation inhibits tumor metastasis in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. (A) Schema of MMTV-PyMT breast cancer mouse model study. The MMTV-PyMT or FVB control female mice (Fig. 2) received i.p. injections of either 19.1-10 neutral E-cadherin-specific mAb or 56-4 E-cadherin activating mAb twice weekly. (B) All palpable masses were measured weekly, using external calipers. (C) Metastatic nodules counted in Bouin’s fluid fixation (Top) and H&E staining (Middle) of the lung from 14‐wk‐old MMTV-PyMT mice. (B and C, n = 14–16) ***P < 0.001 compared with neutral Ab-treated control. (D) Representative microscopic images of immunofluorescence staining for E-cadherin in metastases of MMTV-PyMT mice. (Scale bars, 50 μm.)