Fig. 6.

Results of in-house experimental validations for nutrient requirements across 16 Gram-negative strains and outcome of follow-up experiments and analysis for failure cases. Growth curves, PCR primers, and details regarding the list of strains can be found in SI Appendix. An asterisk (*) denotes that these strains couldn’t grow upon predicted nutrient supplementation, suggesting that they have additional nutrient requirements. Additionally, we found literature evidence for a biotin requirement in E. coli strain C321.$\mathrm{\Delta }$A and its two genomically recoded derivatives. Note that one strain may have multiple genetic basis of auxotrophy, for example, Yersinia strains. (71).