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Butyrate suppresses the cytokine-induced increase of ICAM-1 in primary epithelial cells. Cells were exposed to 10 mM butyrate (C4) in the presence of 10 ng/mL IL1β and TNFα. (+), indicates presence; (−), indicates absence. Data represent the mean change of ICAM-1 expression ± standard deviation. n = 3. Statistical analysis was based on t-test and p-values are indicated.
