Table 3.
The association between sociodemographic characteristics, event type and being at risk for PTSD with and without correction for time since event (adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression analysis with all variables in the model, N = 4545).
| Time Since Event | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % at Risk | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 51.3 | 2.2 | 2.67 (1.50–4.76) | 2.65 (1.50–4.67) |
| Male | 48.7 | 1.0 | 1 | 1 |
| Age in years | ||||
| 18–24 | 11.0 | 4.5 | 3.36 (1.27–8.92) | 1.90 (0.68–5.29) |
| 25–34 | 18.2 | 1.4 | 1.34 (0.56–3.24) | 0.94 (0.40–2.20) |
| 35–44 | 24.6 | 2.0 | 2.13 (1.03–4.38) | 1.72 (0.85–3.47) |
| 45–54 | 25.3 | 2.2 | 2.48 (1.16–5.28) | 2.28 (1.07–4.84) |
| 55–64 | 20.8 | 1.2 | 1 | 1 |
| Education | ||||
| Primary | 7.0 | 5.2 | 1.61 (0.68–3.85) | 1.68 (0.72–3.91) |
| Lower secondary | 22.1 | 3.1 | 1.07 (0.53–2.16) | 1.06 (0.52–2.14) |
| Higher secondary | 42.0 | 1.2 | 0.50 (0.25–1.00) | 0.46 (0.23–0.93) |
| Higher professional | 28.9 | 1.8 | 1 | 1 |
| Paid job | ||||
| Yes | 77.2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
| No | 22.8 | 3.9 | 1.91 (0.99–3.68) | 1.97 (1.05−3.68) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Dutch | 85.2 | 1.7 | 1 | 1 |
| Moroccan | 0.5 | 15.9 | 6.56 (1.52–28.23) | 6.97 (1.21–40.27) |
| Turkish | 0.7 | 18.9 | 10.78 (2.61–44.53) | 12.41 (3.16–48.72) |
| Surinam | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.32 (0.44–2.34) | 0.31 (0.04–2.54) |
| Antillean | 0.7 | 6.7 | 3.74 (0.57–24.42) | 3.52 (0.48–26.11) |
| Indonesian | 3.3 | 1.9 | 0.82 (0.20–3.28) | 0.95 (0.23–3.92) |
| Other western | 5.4 | 1.5 | 0.95 (0.39–2.32) | 1.02 (0.41–2.49) |
| Other non-western | 2.2 | 6.3 | 2.60 (0.47–14.57) | 2.50 (0.47–13.40) |
| Potentially traumatic events | ||||
| Serious traffic accident | 6.4 | 0.1 | 0.35 (0.05–2.45) | 0.48 (0.07–3.04) |
| Illness of loved one | 10.2 | 0.2 | 1.18 (0.30–4.63) | 0.93 (0.24–3.64) |
| Accident of loved one | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.77 (0.11–5.16) | 0.78 (0.12–5.30) |
| Violent assault | 3.5 | 0.2 | 1.75 (0.38–8.17) | 1.75 (0.39–7.91) |
| Physical abuse | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.33 (0.04–2.90) | 0.37 (0.05–2.67) |
| Sexual abuse | 3.5 | 0.2 | 2.54 (0.62–10.30) | 5.34 (1.31–21.70) |
| Exposure to war | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.68 (0.06–8.33) | 0.89 (0.06–12.65) |
| Loss events | ||||
| Loss of child | 3.5 | 0.1 | 0.94 (0.19–4.62) | 1.26 (0.26–6.06) |
| Loss of partner | 3.3 | 0.1 | 1.54 (0.38–6.25) | 1.32 (0.32–5.44) |
| Loss of other loved one | 37.9 | 0.4 | 0.57 (0.15–2.18) | 0.55 (0.14 −2.12) |
| Other life events | ||||
| Divorce | 12.2 | 0.1 | 0.53 (0.14–2.03) | 0.68 (0.18–2.63) |
| Dismissal | 3.5 | 0.1 | 2.13 (0.48–9.50) | 1.62 (0.37–7.09) |
| Serious problems with loved one | 2.4 | 0.1 | 1.08 (0.23–5.10) | 1.11 (0.24–5.18) |
| Serious relational problems | 3.5 | 0.3 | 3.26 (0.83–12.82) | 3.24 (0.83–12.64) |
| Serious socio-economic problems | 1.2 | 0.0 | 2.85 (0.41–19.90) | 2.36 (0.33–17.14) |
| Other | 2.7 | 0.0 | 1 | 1 |
| Years passed since event | ||||
| <4 years | 31.5 | 1.0 | - | 4.83 (2.39–9.78) |
| 4–9 years | 22.0 | 1.6 | - | 1.57 (0.60–4.13) |
| >9 years | 46.6 | 1.0 | - | 1 |
Note. Weighted percentages, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being at risk for PTSD given exposure (6 or more TSQ items endorsed); Numbers in bold indicate significant odds ratios.