Table 4.

Results (means and SDs) of the assessment of articulation and phonological discrimination skills in the two groups of participants. For children with DLDs, both raw scores and z-scores with respect to normative data are reported in separate columns. For z-scores, ranges are also reported. The asterisk (*) shows when the group-related difference in raw scores is significant.

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Discrimination	TD	DLD	DLD
	(Raw Score)	(Raw Score)	(z-Score)
Articulation *	143.92 (5.91)	126.06 (20.29)	−0.91 (1.02) – Range: -2/1
Phonological Discrimination *	97.71 (4.66)	80.94 (24.65)	−0.47 (1.18) – Range: -2/2

Note: DLD = children with developmental language disorders; TD = children with typical language development. *: The asterisk signals when a group-related difference is significant.