| SNP | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| UTR | Untranslated region |
| AR | Androgen receptor |
| ER | Estrogenic receptor |
| PR | Progesterone receptor |
| A | Adenine |
| T | Thymine |
| C | Cytosine |
| G | Guanine |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor β |
| IL | Interleukin |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| TNF | Tumour necrosis factor |
| HLA | Human leukocyte antigen |
| MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
| EGFR | Endothelial growth factor receptor |
| mRNA | Messenger ribonucleic acid |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| GSTM1 | Glutathione S-transferase mu, M1 |
| GSTP1 | Glutathione S-transferase P1 |
| GSTT1 | Glutathione S-transferase theta, T1 |
| NAT | N-acetyltransferase |
| CYP | Cytochrome P450 |
| XRCC | X-ray repair cross-complementing |
| ERCC | Excision repair cross-complementing |
| GWAS | Genome-wide association study |
| NGS | Next-generation sequencing |
| KRAS | Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog |
| eQTLs | Expression quantitative traits loci |
| MiRNA | Micro RNA |
| NcRNA | Non-coding RNA |