Table 1.
Comparison of the study variables for male and female students (n = 1850).
| Variables | Men (n = 763) | Women (n = 1087) | p | d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Sociodemographic | ||||||
| Age, years | 20.4 | 3.1 | 22.4 | 5.8 | <0.001 | −0.4 |
| Employment, % | 26.3 | 40.9 | <0.001 | - | ||
| Lifestyles | ||||||
| Sleep time duration, hours | 7.3 | 1.1 | 7.2 | 1.1 | 0.059 | 0.09 |
| Browsing internet duration, hours | 3.0 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 0.045 | −0.05 |
| Physical activity score | 74.1 | 44.0 | 56.6 | 40.2 | <0.001 | 0.4 |
| Binge drinking, % | 29.1 | 16.9 | <0.001 | - | ||
| Smoking, % | 35.5 | 33.9 | 0.459 | - | ||
| Nutrition | ||||||
| Having breakfast, % | 71.2 | 73.4 | 0.287 | - | ||
| Daily fresh vegetable consumption frequency, % | 16.0 | 27.0 | <0.001 | - | ||
| Daily fresh fruit/berry consumption frequency, % | 7.2 | 17.2 | <0.001 | - | ||
| Unhealthy nutrition score | 13.7 | 2.9 | 14.3 | 3.0 | <0.001 | −0.2 |
| EDEQ-6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.2 | <0.001 | −0.6 |
| Body image | ||||||
| MBSRQ-AS: Appearance Evaluation | 3.2 | 0.7 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.787 | 0.1 |
| MBSRQ-AS: Appearance Orientation | 3.1 | 0.6 | 3.6 | 0.6 | <0.001 | −0.8 |
| MBSRQ-AS: Body Area Satisfaction | 3.4 | 0.8 | 3.3 | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.1 |
| MBSRQ-AS: Overweight Preoccupation | 1.9 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 0.9 | <0.001 | −0.6 |
| Drive for Muscularity | 2.7 | 1.1 | - | - | - | - |
| Quality of life | ||||||
| WHOQOL-Psychological domain | 59.4 | 19.7 | 59.5 | 17.9 | 0.954 | −0.005 |
| WHOQOL-Physical domain | 70.5 | 16.3 | 68.7 | 15.1 | 0.02 | 0.1 |
| WHOQOL-Social domain | 59.0 | 24.5 | 64.8 | 22.1 | <0.001 | −0.2 |
| WHOQOL-Environmental domain | 65.3 | 19.6 | 66.7 | 15.5 | 0.109 | −0.07 |
| Health and self-esteem: | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.4 | 3.6 | 22.1 | 3.6 | <0.001 | 0.4 |
| Self-esteem | 29.4 | 5.9 | 29.6 | 6.1 | 0.385 | −0.03 |
| Excellent/good self-rated health, % | 75.4 | 60.3 | <0.001 | - | ||
M = mean; SD = standard deviation; p = level of significance; d = Cohen’s coefficient; MBSRQ-AS = Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales; WHOQOL = World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire; EDEQ-6.0 = Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire.