Skip to main content
. 2020 Feb 27;21(5):1620. doi: 10.3390/ijms21051620

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Antiwrinkle effects of AL due to activation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathway in HaCaT cells. (a) Following pretreatment with AL (50–200 µg/mL), HaCaT cells were incubated with elastase (0.3 unit/mL) and STANA (400 µM), and the elastase inhibition was measured. (b) The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1) in HaCaT cells treated with AL (50–200 µg/mL) following UVB irradiation was measured using ELISA. (c) The mRNA expression of MMPs and SIRT-1 in HaCaT cells treated with the indicated concentrations of AL (50–200 µg/mL) were determined using the RT-PCR analysis. (d) ERK and c-Fos expression levels in cells treated with AL (50–200 µg/mL) were analyzed using Western blotting. +: indicate treatment, −: indicate non-treatment. For all applicable experiments, statistical significance was evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U test. ## p < 0.01 compared with the baseline group, and * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared with the positive control group.