Antiwrinkle effects of AL in human dermal fibroblast cells. (a and b) Viability of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells treated with the indicated dose of AL (50–200 µg/mL) for 24 (a) or 48 h (b) was measured using the MTT assay. (c) Elastase inhibition activity of AL (50–200 µg/mL) in UVB-irradiated HDF cells was measured using STANA (400 µM). (d) MMP-1 expression was measured using ELISA in human dermal fibroblast cells treated with AL (50–200 µg/mL) following UVB irradiation. (e and f) Type 1 procollagen alpha expression was measured using ELISA in human dermal fibroblast cells treated with AL (50–200 µg/mL) without (e) and with (f) UVB irradiation. (g) The mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, and COL1A1 in HDF cells treated with AL (50–200 µg/mL) were determined using RT-PCR. +: indicate treatment, −: indicate non-treatment. For all applicable experiments, statistical significance was evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U test. # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 compared with the normal group, and * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared with the control group.